6. Food Packaging

Question 1

What is required on meat label?

Answer 1

1) Product name (cut name)
2) Inspection legend and establishment number 3)Handling statement
4) Net weight
5) Address line (signature line)
6) Safe handling instructions
7) Ingredients statement
8) Nutrition facts

Question 2

What are the eight USDA quality grades of beef?

Answer 2

Prime-Choice-Select-Standard-Commercial-Utility-Cutter-Canner

Question 3

What is the packaging material that is impermeable to gas?

Answer 3

Glass

Question 4

The common brown grocery bag is made of what type of paper?

Answer 4

Kraft Paper

Question 5

Which enzyme is associated with the quality of fruits and vegetables?

Answer 5

Pectin Methyl Esterase

Question 6

What is the package material that prevents entry of microbes and gas?

Answer 6

Hermetic

Question 7

Why is BPA being removed from plastic?

Answer 7

It’s an estrogen mimic that negatively influence sex ratios in fish and other organisms

Question 8

When specifying the oxygen permeability of a packaging film what are the three of the five parameters that are given?

Answer 8

Film area-Temperature-Time Film Thickness-Relative Humidity

Question 9

Name the plastic that was used in McDonald’s clamshells before the company recently stopped using them?

Answer 9

Polystyrene (expanded)

Question 10

Used in food packaging what do the initials LLDPE stand for?

Answer 10

Linear low density polyethylene

Question 11

A typical plastic milk bottle is made by a process known as:

Answer 11

Extrusion blow molding

Question 12

Metal cans are coated with either tin or enamel. What coating should be used for high surface bearing products such as meats-fish-beans?

Answer 12

Enamel Coating

Question 13

A can seam defect called cut over is also known as what?

Answer 13

Sharp seam (a sharp fin of the cover formed over the top of the seaming chuck flange during the seaming operation)

Question 14

A double seam consists of how many thicknesses of metal plate?

Answer 14

5 (at the juncture of the end and side of a three piece can there are 7 thicknesses)

Question 15

Why is stannous chloride added to canned tomatoes?

Answer 15

Because people are used to the tin taste from the good ole days when cans were made of tin

Question 16

Give an example of a rigid package.

Answer 16

Can

Question 17

Give an example of a flexible package.

Answer 17

Paper Bottle plastic film

Question 18

The wall of a plastic container is 1/50 inch thick. How many mils thick is this?

Answer 18

20 mils

Question 19

Describe the shapes of the two pieces used to make the typical two piece metal can for food.

Answer 19

One piece is a cylinder with a closed end and the other is a flat circle

Question 20

Foods and other grocery store products often contain a series of line and numbers known as the products UPC code. What does UPC stand for?

Answer 20

Universal product code

Question 21

The best corrugated flute style for stacking performance is:a. A-Flute b. B-Flute c. C-Flute d. D-Flute e. E-Flute

Answer 21

A-Flute (it is the thickest and therefore has the largest area to load)

Question 22

What is the term for movement of a flavor compound out of the food product and into the package?

Answer 22

Sorption (or scalping or leaching)

Question 23

What is the definition of flexible package films?

Answer 23

A thickness of .010 inches or less

Question 24

In a canning operation what is the juncture of the double seam and the side seam of the can called?

Answer 24

Crossover or lap

Question 25

Give the name of the package most commonly used for UHT milk.

Answer 25

Brik pak or tetra pak

Question 26

What are the layers of the bag-in-box bag?

Answer 26

Polyethylene/aluminum foil/ polyethylene

Question 27

Improperly packaged frozen foods often display surface discoloration. What is this defect commonly called and what process causes the defect?

Answer 27

Freezer burn caused by dehydration

Question 28

What is the most commonly used film for fresh meat vacuum packages?

Answer 28

PVDC (polyvinylidene dichloride)

Question 29

Name the two pieces in a two piece can.

Answer 29

body and lid

Question 30

Name the three pieces in a three piece can.

Answer 30

Body, bottom and lid

Question 31

What does differential tin coating mean?

Answer 31

The thickness of tin coating is different on the inside and outside of the can

Question 32

What toxic chemical may be found in packages made from recycled paper?

Answer 32

pcb

Question 33

What materials are used in a retortable pouch?

Answer 33

Polyester and/or oriented polypropylene (outer) / aluminum foil/ Polypropylene

Question 34

What chemical is used in conjunction with the heat treatment of flexible packages during aseptic packaging of foods?

Answer 34

H2O2

Question 35

What is the strength of a tin plate measured by?

Answer 35

Base Box

Question 36

Why are high-basis-weight steel cans preferred over aluminum cans for packaging of heat sterilized foods?

Answer 36

Greater strength is needed to resist the high internal vacuums that occur on cooling

Question 37

The first FDA approved use of recycled plastic in food packaging was a program to use 25% recycled plastic in bottles containing what product?

Answer 37

Coca-Cola

Question 38

What is the common name for the US can size 603 x 700?

Answer 38

Number ten can

Question 39

The most frequently used polymers on food packaging materials are PE-PP-PET. What do these abbreviations stand for?

Answer 39

Polyethylene-Polypropylene and Polyester or Polyethylene Terephthalate

Question 40

What is the name that is associated with the 1889 discovery of the temperature dependence of reaction rates?

Answer 40

Arrhenius

Question 41

What is the initiation step in crystal formation?

Answer 41

Nucleation

Question 42

Name three thermal calucation parameters that can be ascertained from a TDT curve.

Answer 42

Fo - F - Z - D

Question 43

Name four commercial types of thermal processing .

Answer 43

Steam Retorting Pasteurization (HTST/UHT) - Aseptic - Hot Fill - Frying - Flaming - Baking - Dry Oven

Question 44

Name three types of cooling procedures for fruits and vegetables.

Answer 44

Convection (blast cooling) Hydrocooling (ice bath) and Low Pressure (evaporative or vacuum cooling)

Question 45

From which type of starch is a starch sponge made?

Answer 45

Amylpectin

Question 46

What is the D value of a microorganism that is decreased in population by a factor of ten in two minutes?

Answer 46

Two

Question 47

If the D value of the critical organism is four and the product is a high acid food what is the F value?

Answer 47

F = 5d = 20

Question 48

If the D value of the organism is .2 and the product is a low acid food what would the F value be?

Answer 48

F = 12d =2.4

Question 49

The thermal inactivation of microorganisms and most nutrients obey which order of reaction kinetics?

Answer 49

first Order

Question 50

During the freeze drying water is removed by a change in state. What is this process called?

Answer 50

Sublimination

Question 51

What is the general term for a physical change in number/size/shape/orientation/perfection of ice crystals during frozen storage?

Answer 51

Recrystalization

Question 52

Describe the meaning of a 307x 409 can.

Answer 52

It is a 3 7/16 inches in diameter and 4 9/16 inches in height.

Question 53

What is the depression below the rim of a can called?

Answer 53

Countersink

Question 54

If you wanted to keep bread from staling which would be the best storage temperature? A. 5C C. 25C B. 15C D. 35C

Answer 54

35C

Question 55

Name 3 possible causes of a false seam on a can.

Answer 55

``` MUSHROOMED can flange Bent can flange Damaged or bent cover curl Misassembly of can and cover Can not properly align at assembly - Improperly filled can (Product Extending over can flange) ```

Question 56

What would be the approximate desirable storage temperatures of high fructose corn syrup and liquid dextrose and why are they different?

Answer 56

HFCS-90F (32.2C) Liquid Dextrose -130F (54.4C) - LIQUID DEXTROSE CRYSTALIZES MORE READILY THAN HFCS

Question 57

Until a few years ago nearly all steel used for cans was coated to inhibit corrosion. What was the material used to coat the can?

Answer 57

Tin

Question 58

what are the three basic types of food packaging containers?

Answer 58

Primary - Secondary - Tertiary

Question 59

Some food packaging (such as glass bottles) can have a hermetic closure. What does the term hermetic refer to?

Answer 59

A container that is sealed completely against the ingress of gases and vapors.

Question 60

Kraft paper is commonly used as butcher wrap. What does the German word Kraft mean?

Answer 60

Strong

Question 61

In Plastic polymer packaging what does the term thermoplastic refer to?

Answer 61

the ability of the plastic polymer to be melted repeatedly without any physical or chemical change.

Question 62

What is the new packaging laminate forming technique combining two or more different plastics?

Answer 62

Coextrusion

Question 63

What does the acronym WVTR stand for in concern with packaging?

Answer 63

water vapor transmission rate

Question 64

The three external measurements of a can seam include?

Answer 64

Thickness - width (length or height) - counter sink

Question 65

What does the acronym EVOH stand for in concern with packaging?

Answer 65

Ethylene Vinyl ALcohol

Question 66

What is a hard swell?

Answer 66

bulged ends of the can cannot be compressed by the fingers.

Question 67

What is the can defect that results from too high internal can pressure?

Answer 67

Buckling

Question 68

What are the four principal functions of a food package?

Answer 68

Advertise - Protect the Food - Inform the Purchaser - Contain the Food

Question 69

Name four advantages of using glass as a packaging material.

Answer 69

Chemically inert -Odorless - High storage stability - May be transparent - Easy to open and reseal - Can be used with vacuum operations

Question 70

Who invented the process of canning?

Answer 70

Nicolas Appert

Question 71

Give several examples of active packaging?

Answer 71

Oxygen scavenger - Anti-microbial release - Ethylene scavenger - Vapour removal - Temperature history.

Question 72

What polymer is more transparent in appearance

Answer 72

LDPE or HDPE?

Question 73

What is the difference between thermoplastics materials and thermosets materials?

Answer 73

Thermal plastics are a group of uncrosslinked polymers which have amorphous or semi-crystalline structures. Thermosets are crosslinked polymers.

Question 74

Which polymer has the best heat sealibility?

Answer 74

EVA

Question 75

In packaging materials covalent bonds are more commonly found than ionic bonds.

Answer 75

TRUE

Question 76

If temperature increases a PP film will melt and vaporize into PP molecules.

Answer 76

FALSE

Question 77

As molecular weight increases both tensile strength and viscosity of a packaging polymer increase.

Answer 77

TRUE

Question 78

Molecular weight of food packaging material is typically between 5000 and 50 000?

Answer 78

False

Question 79

In extrusion most of the energy for melting the polymer resin comes from heat supplied by the extruder barrel.

Answer 79

FALSE

Question 80

PVDC is considered more environmental friendly than EVOH.

Answer 80

FALSE

Question 81

Coextrusion involves using two or more extruders to form multilayer structures.

Answer 81

TRUE

Question 82

In packaging ready-to-cook meats what type of film should be used if the product is to be heat-shrunk?

Answer 82

PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)

Question 83

If one has a liquid product which is very acidic and reactive the choice of packaging may be...

Answer 83

Glass

Question 84

In food packaging what do the initials WVTR stand for?

Answer 84

Water Vapor Transmission Rate

Question 85

Epoxidized oils serve as stabilizers in packaging materials when: A.exposed to air B.they contain liquid foods C.heated or exposed to UV light or D.under mechanical stress

Answer 85

C. heated or exposed to UV light

Question 86

True/False: metals are added into microwavable popcorn package to achieve increased uniformity of heating

Answer 86

TRUE

Question 87

What is the term for the threaded part of a glass jar?

Answer 87

Finish

Question 88

What is the trade name for polytetrafluoroethylene?

Answer 88

Teflon

Question 89

Most plastic milk containers are made from which resin

Answer 89

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Question 90

A papyrus form of paper for packaging was originated from where in 3000 BC?

Answer 90

Egypt

Question 91

The chinese uses what material for flexible packaging?

Answer 91

Treated mulberry bark

Question 92

What does the acronym BOPP stand for?

Answer 92

Biaxially-oriented polypropylene