5 Questions Flashcards
(37 cards)
describe the proper storage and handling of seedlings from the nursery to the planting hole
- Nursery
- reefer/cooler truck/insulated canopy
- Handle boxes with care
- store at regulated temp
- at site, place boxes in main cache under canopy (somewhere with cool air drainage, easily accessible)
- plants go into silvicool bags, will have small chaches all over site so planters can have easy access
- Plant. minimize amount of handling
what is SPAR and how does it work
- Seed Planning and Registry
- provincial registry, MFLNRO
- Used to order seed by the kg
Fully define dormancy
- when shoot buds (apical meristems) are not elongating they are dormant.
- Two stages:
- quiescence: beginning and end stages influenced by external environment
- rest: dormant state maintained by plant hormone growth regulators within the bud
Microsite selection is critical to survival and growth of seedlings-why?
helps mitigate limiting factors (eg-cold air drainage: plant against stump, don’t plant in CWD, etc)
Describe the general content of Schedule A and Schedule B for a tree planting contract
- Schedule A: Glossary, terminology within contract explained. Obligations of contractor and employer. When and how contract became null and void
- Schedule B: Prices-block by block info/summary. Summary of area. # of trees, species, stock type. $/tree, total $/block
Describe what a stand management objective is. Where do we find them? How do we use them to help us plan activities on the landscape?
- in Forestry, they are established objectives to manage and protect resource values
- they define values of the block
- Defines associated interest groups(associated with those values)
- Found in higher level plans (FSP)
- Helps determine how to manage and what the stand should look like
What is a silviculture system? What are some of the goals of an effective silviculture system?
- a planned program of silviculture treatments to achieve specific stand structure objectives during the whole life of a stand. Achieves regeneration and desired age structure.
- Goals: meet landscape/stand level objectives; meet goals and objectives of landowner; provide availability of timber and non timber resources, etc
give a complete definition of a reserve
- Forested patches or individual trees retained during harvesting, or other forestry operations, to provide habitat, scenic/biodiversity or other values, for at least one rotation.
- Any incidental seed or shelter to the regenerating stand and site that the reserve trees supply is secondary to their purpose as reserve trees.
- Type of reserve is based on objective of reserve
how did ATCO work with the Castlegar Nordic Ski Club in developing CP 136-4?
- consultations.
- discussed ski trails re: leave trees(didnt want a lot left along the trail due to blowdown and debris)…
- block boundaries were designed in partner with the club, so esthetics were still pleasing.
- designed blocks close to the highway
briefly describe some of the differences in how we plan, harvest, and regenerate forests today, as compared to the example we saw on our ski field trip (glenmerry sawmills: cp1, harvested in 1970s)
- example involved high grading, logging class 8 & 9 stands, use of convection fire, seedling providence was unknown
- didnt set out specific blocks, used progressive clear cut
- all the wood went to the glenmerry mills
describe 2 variations of the clearcut silviculture system
- strip: used to harvest stand over a period of time (3-7 years) by removing strips
- takes advantage of natural regen
- alternate (2pass) and progressive(3+ passes)
- strip width defined by seedfall distance
- patch: <1 ha in size, managed as discrete even aged unit
- intent is to regen naturally from adjacent stand or surrounding timber
- greater than 50% of cleared area is affected by the edge
provide pros and cons of using a uniform seed tree system vs. group seed tree system
Uniform allows easier choice of desired species/phenotypes
groups allow for windthrow resilience, species variation and non timber operability
allows for retention of dead wildlife trees during harvest
fits skidding pattern better
visual quality
why was stu able to use a natural shelterwood system for the block we visited with him last week?
because there was an overstory and well established understory. all that was needed was a bit more light. Stu just took most of the overstory out
HOw did the alignment of the group selection blocks in college creek influence regeneration (species and success)? what strategy is involved in planning group selection systems with respect to access?
- block was aligned east/west
- light was an issue
- lots of shade on lower end of block
- other species fared better at upper part of block
- could be planted differently, aligned better
- ACCESS: important to have well designed trails so they don’t interfere with the next cut.
- trails will be permanent (for access now and in future), try to make as small as possible
Give at least 3 management objectives for the college creek blocks we visited with Stu
- visuals
- ungulate winter range
- education
- water quality and quantity
what are the 2 main differences between the variable retention silvicultural system and other even aged silviculture systems?
- at least 50% of the block should be under the influence of the standing trees
- requires individual trees or groups of trees to be distributed over entire area of block
- different motivation for left trees
- leaving groups of trees or single trees in block-purpose is biodiversity, variability and structure, live and dead wood, and it’s better visually
- May have to creat convoluted boundaries to meet this
- Looking to preserve biological legacies
define biological legacy and relate this to variable retention
- biological legacy: structures with a key ecological role; unique characteristics of a stand; habitat connected to a specific species(rubber boas at Syringa)
- in variable retention, you have to find these biological legacies first and work around them
describe what is meant by the ecological zone of influence
- one tree has an ecological zone of influence, which is one tree length around entire (standing) tree.
- INfluences light, temp, wind, shade, moisture, nutrients, etc
- tied to mycorrhizal connections underground underground that are important for establishing connections
describe why the relative yield of regenerated stands usually declines with the use of the variable retention silviculture system. What could you do to improve future yield?
- Ecological zone of influence affects trees potential to grow at a certain rate
- Yield is lower because you have more edge (edge effect) so new stand is growing more slowly
- Amount of edge effect is the most important variable
- What could you do? Fertilize; be very considerate of light-how much light the stand can access; optimum species selection for amount of light available; more intricate planning
when prescribing a variable retention silviculture system, why is aggregate retention preferred over dispersed retention? give 2 reasons
- because the purpose is biodiversity, structural attributes, etc.
- trees in groups have better windfirmness
- soil is disturbed right up to dispersed trees..intact soil results from aggregate
- understory vegetation perpetuated, remains part of diversity
- if we keep these units intact, underground microorganisms remain to establish connection to new stand. Their own microclimate will be preserved
What are the 4 basic stages of tree growth
FREE GROWTH:
- before full crown closure, trees are in open grown condition. volume and diameter growth is rapid.
GROWING SPACE CONTRAINT(CROWN CLOSURE)
- lateral crown expansion ceases, net photosynthesis peaks
PLASTIC GROWTH
- new foliage in lower crown has shade leaf morphology. photosynthesis declines.
SUPPRESSION/MORTALITY:
- net photosynthesis declines further, death may occur due to metabolic failure
WHAT IS A “VOID” AND HOW DO WE TREAT VOIDS IN A JUVENILE SPACING CONTRACT?
a void is a natural opening.
when a target number of crop trees can not be achieved because of a void, the inter tree distance should be reduced.
Juvenile spacing does not increase vol/ha, but can increase vol/tree. Explain
by lowering densities, and thereby competition, remaining stems are able to “capture the volume from the mortality of thinned stems”
define ghost tree
a designated species, a valuable or protected tree species designated as non competing and should remain in the stand, regardless of its proximity or size
