Final Review Flashcards
(34 cards)
what is the purpose of a site plan?
- provides long term planning perspective at the stand level and the foundation for building a prescription describing an effective, well conceived set of treatments to meet clear long term objectives.
what is a standards unit
area that is managed through the uniform application of a silvicultural system, stocking standards, and soil conservation standards.
These standards are used to determine if legal regeneration, free growing, and soil conservation obligations are met.
Define Seedlot
Seeds of a particular crop gathered at one time and likely to have similar germination rates and other characteristics.
what factors must be considered regarding planting density?
- Target stocking at FG in accordance with SP
- Rate of survival
- Expected natural fill in
- Number of plantable spots
- Site conditions: limiting factors such as rock, slash, etc.
- Biodiversity, wildlife, riparian objectives
what is a treatment unit (TU)>
an area of land upon which a silviculture activity is planned and carried out, usually within the boundary of an opening.
in newer SP’s, TU’s are referred to as SU’s
What influences planting density at the SP stage?
minimum inter tree spacing
stocking standards
what influences planting density decisions at the post harvest stage?
- Density = Target Stocking FG + expected mortality - WS natural regeneration
- determined by working backwards from the desired stocking at FG and considering which factors will affect the final stocking
Difference between: group seedtree, group shelterwood, group selection, clearcut with group reserves
- Group seedtree: groups of trees left in block uniformly to provide seed, harvested in removal cut once regeneration established
- Group shelterwood: small gaps created (1-2 tree lengths), left trees provide shelter for even aged stand to develop beneath, removed once new stand developed
- Group Selection: Promotes uneven aged stands,
BDQ
Goal is sustained yield
b: Residual basal area
D: max. diameter class where harvesting takes place
q: represents relationship of diam. class distribution and basal area to next class up
Name implications stand tending has for forest values
- Juvenile spacing: slash loading will decrease manoeuvrability for animals
- CT: affects nesting birds or animal homes
- Fuel loading
Benefits of Juvenile spacing (PCT)
- bigger piece size
- decreased rotation-gets to certain size faster
- health benefits (pop up spacing to counteract DRA)
- sanitation thin
- thrifty stand
- harvesting easier with uniformly spaced stand
- logging costs cheaper
“capturing mortality”
increase overall volume recovery/ha in successive entries (shift biomass before it becomes deadwood)
target trees you know won’t grow anymore anyways
energy wont be wasted, move volume into healthier trees before its lost
go in early before tree starts self pruning
“thinning window”
- after crowns reach crown closure and before mortality has occurred
- have proper dbh/ht ratio to avoid blowdown
- juveniles respond better than old trees
What is the difference between juvenile wood and mature wood
Juvenile wood:
found near pith in every tree
aka “crown wood”: that part of stem formed under influence of live crown
faster growing trees have more JW
lower density
shorter fibres, longer fibril angles
lower cellulose content
more LC=more JW
Mature Wood:
influenced by growht hormones and absence of live crown
strong fibres
decreased fibril angle
less shrinkage when dried
HIGH QUALITY WOOD
early wood and late wood
EARLY WOOD
- low density
- produced may-mid july
- larger diameter
- thin walled fibre
LATE WOOD
- produced when leader growth stops, new needles mature, less crown activity
- small diameter
- thick walled fibres
- higher density
- transition occurs furthest away from leader
what does thrifty mean
healthier, happier, less stress
Pre-stand tending surveys sample and record data in situations where maximum density is exceeded prior to FG OR………
as part of a post FG stand strategy
what biological, economical and operational factors would you use to rank a stand for PCT
BIOLOGICAL:
species that best responds
site quality(low SI, high elev is bad)
growth stage
% LC ratio
health
limiting factors
starting density
OPERATIONAL:
access, terrain, slope, elevation
ECONOMICAL:
benefits vs. cost (value/tree vs. volume/ha)
PCT crop tree selection criteria:
- healthy terminal
- dominants/co dominants
- good form
- small branches
- preferred species
- no defects
- healthy
- good microsite
- biggest and best
- min. inter tree distance
- good LCR %
’s to know for juvenile spacing
- max countable density
- max. post spacing density less than TSS + 600
- min. post spacing density greater than MSS
- impact on non timber values
- health
define ghost tree
valuable or protected tree species that may be designated as non competing and retained in stand regardless of proximity or size. specified in prescription or contract
whats a void
natural opening due to mortality or disease
define a non reworkable error when doign FS 749
faults which damage the stand or crop trees that cannot be corrected
EG: pruning too high, cutting crop tree
is commercial thinning a silviculture system? when is CT done? Does it require an SP?
No, part of clear cut silviculture system (usually)
Done when trees have reached merchantable size in immature stands, prior to final rotation. Beetle proofs stands, manipulates age class distributions, changing from even aged stand to uneven aged.
Requires SP.
