5 Social Development Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who 4 were described as the elites?
- Bismarck
- Junkers
- Military Officers
- Large Factory Owners
3 Features of Elitism?
- Encouraged from the start
- Cooperated in the ‘alliance of steel and rye’
- Influence in politics and R-W pressure groups
3 features of elitism anti-semitism?
- E.g. Pan-German Legue
- Called for a ban of Jewish immigration and restricting rights
- Blamed Jewish influence on ‘liberalism’
What influences anti Semitic ideas within elitism?
Houston Stewart Chamberlain, he expounded theories of Social Darwinism and superiority of German Race
Name 3 reasons why militarism was a central role in the 2nd Reich?
- Military Traditions
- Military in unification wars
- Military personal oath of loyalty to kaiser before country
What were the 6 things Wilhelm II loved about the military?
- Tradition
- uniform
- decorative and ritualistic practices
- Male-dominated culture
- Felt more comfortable around them
- Needed them for Weltpolitik
What was the amount of people and expenditure linked to the military?
4 million by 1913 (8x 1890)
£60 million in 1913-4
What were the series of events in the Zabern Affair?
- German officer responded to Alsatian recruit recruit teasing by calling them Wackers (square heads)
- Punished with days of confinement
- Locals demonstrated against German arrogance
- G officers ordered to disperse demonstration
- 15 arrested (including president, 2 judges, the state attorney of the Zabern Supreme Court
- Despite liberal press outcry, kaiser condones their actions
What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1871?
41 million
64% rural
36% urban
What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1890?
49 million
58% rural
42% urban
What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1910?
64 million
40% rural
60% urban
Describe a description of the Elites and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
Old landed aristocracy
Prussian junkers were the core of society
They lived in spacious homes or country states run by servants
They were involved in politics to pressure groups or supporting parties
Describe a description of the Upper Middle Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
Industrial managers and highly skilled experts in new industries. Educated professionals
Lives in urban communities, they bought themselves comfortable homes and paid for the kids education; had a few servants
Involved in Länder politics or local town government
Describe a description of the Mittlestand and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
White collar workers, commonly small businessman shopkeepers and minor officials
They wanted education for their children
Conversations about politics
Describe a description of the Working Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
Semi skilled workers who were very conscious of their superiority over other workers
They are paid more and keen to support movement or reform
Describe a description of the Lumpenproletariat and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
Lower working class were on skilled workers and more vulnerable to economic fluctuations
Largely political and on interested in revolutionary advancements
Describe a description of the presents and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?
I worked in the countryside
Interests correlated with junkers, they had a conservative outlook.
Victims of industrial change
Define real wages
Income received after any price changes are taken into account; indicates a persons standard of living
What happened to employment rates and real wages as industrialisation occurred?
Employment rates were generally high and real wages increased by 25% between 1895 and 1913
What is state socialism and what do you do for the working people?
State socialism consists of medical, accent and old age insurance, they provided some support in times of sickness, accidents and old-age and were extended over the next 30 years
What 5 major reforming legislation was Caprivi and Posadowsky-Wehner’s (minister for internal affairs under Bulow) responsible for?
- Recognition of Trade Unions
- Ch ages to employment laws
- More progressive income tax
- Extend accident insurance to 1900
- Extend health insurance to 1903
What is the reforming legislation recognising trade unions?
Trade unions were allowed to arbitrate in wage disputes and sit on industrial tribunal from 1890.
Industrial arbitration was made compulsory for larger towns in 1901
What are the 4 reforming legislation for changes for employment laws?
- included a reduction of women’s minimum working hours to 11
- a guaranteed minimum wage
- prohibiting on Sunday employment in 1891
- restrictions on child employment.
What is the major reform legislation making income tax more progressive?
The more person and, more than paid