Genetics

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The transfer of traits from parents to offspring

Question 2

Inheritance

Answer 2

The receiving of traits by the offspring

Question 3

P1 generation

Answer 3

The original parental generation

Question 4

F1 generation

Answer 4

The 1st filial generation, the offspring of the p generation

Question 5

F2 generation

Answer 5

The 2nd filial generation, the offspring of the F1 cross

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a trait

Question 7

Trait

Answer 7

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

Different forms of a gene

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The traits you have because of the genes you have

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

When an organism has 2 identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

When an organism has 2 different alleles for a particular gene

Question 13

Crossover

Answer 13

Portions of chromatids are exchanged within the Tetrad

Question 14

Dominance and recessiveness

Answer 14

If the dominant allele is present in an organism, the organism will exhibit that trait. In order for the recessive trait to show up, both alleles for the trait must be recessive

Question 15

Segregation

Answer 15

Each organism has two genes for each trait, 1 from mom one from dad. These genes are separated into different gametes during meiosis

Question 16

Independent assortment

Answer 16

Alleles for different traits are segregated to different gametes independently of each other during meiosis (crossover)

Question 17

Probability

Answer 17

The likelihood of something happening

Question 18

Monohybrid cross

Answer 18

A genetic cross between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene, one parent having two dominant alleles and the other two recessives

Question 19

Dihybrid cross

Answer 19

A genetic cross between individuals with different alleles for two genes

Question 20

Gregor Mendel

Answer 20

didexperimentswithpeaplantsthat
helpedexplainhowtheinheritance oftraits
worked

Question 21

Genetics

Answer 21

Thescientificstudyofbiological

heredity

Question 22

Fertilization

Answer 22

thejoining ofmaleand

femalereproductivecells

Question 23

Self pollination

Answer 23

thesperminthepollen,andtheegg
beingfertilized,comefromthesame parent
plant

Question 24

True breeding

Answer 24

iftheplantswereallowedto
self­pollinate,theoffspringwouldbe
Identical totheparentplant.

Question 25

Cross pollination

Answer 25

thesperminthepollenandthe
eggbeingfertilizedcomefromtwodifferent
parents

Question 26

Hybrids

Answer 26

Theoffspringofcrossesbetweenparents withdifferenttraits

Question 27

Principle of dominance

Answer 27

Someallelesaredominantandsomearerecessive.Anorganismwithatleastonedominantalleleforatraitwillexhibit thedominantformofthetrait.Therecessiveformofthetraitwillonlybeexhibitedwhenthedominant alleleisabsent

Question 28

Principal of segregation

Answer 28

Theallelesforatraitareseparatedduring

Meiosis

Question 29

Punter square

Answer 29

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross

Question 30

Incomplete dominance

Answer 30

Whenonealleleisnot completelydominantoveranotherallele.

Question 31

Codominance

Answer 31

Thephenotypesproducedbyboth allelesareclearlyexpressed

Question 32

Multiple allele trait

Answer 32

A gene with more than two alleles

Question 33

Polygenic traits

Answer 33

Traits controlled by two or more genes

Question 34

Amino acid

Answer 34

Monomer of a protein