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Anatomy > Cranial Nerves (Test 4) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (Test 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cranial Nerves mnemonic?

A

OH (olfactory) ONCE (optic) ONE (oculomotor) TAKES (trochlear) THE (trigeminal) ANATOMY (abducens) FINAL (facial) VERY (vestibulocochlear) GOOD (glossopharyngeal) VACATIONS (vagus) ARE (accessory) HEAVENLY (hypoglossal)

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2
Q

What is the mnemonic for cranial nerves primary functions?

A

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.

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3
Q

What is the super weird cranial nerve that is very distinct in human fetuses and is now being found in adult brains? (it is also believed to be involved with the detection of pheromones view the vomeronasal organ)

A

Cranial Nerve (CN) 0

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4
Q

What is CN1?

A

The olfactory nerve (purely sensory)

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5
Q

What relays sensory impulses of smell from the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity (CN1)

A

numerous olfactory nerve axons

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6
Q

Where are the dendrites (and bodies) of olfactory neurons positioned in the superior nasal conchae and adjacent nasal septum (CN1)?

A

the mucosa

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7
Q

What are the axons that pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, bypass the thalamus and eventually make connections leading to the olfactory areas in the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobes (CN1)?

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

What is CNII?

A

Optic (purely sensory)

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9
Q

What is the optic chiasma? (CNII)

A

Where the medial nerve fibers cross to the opposite side of the brain. The lateral fibers stay on the same side.

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10
Q

What is a hypophysectomy?

A

Removal of the pituitary gland.

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11
Q

When would a hypophysectomy be performed today?

A

When there is a tumor on the pituitary gland.

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12
Q

What does a tumor on the pituitary glad cause? (CNII)

A

Changes in vision such as BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPIA which is blinds in the temporal field of vision in both eyes.

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13
Q

What causes Papilledema that can be observed via “funduscopic examination”? (CNII)

A

increased intracranial pressure

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14
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Oculomotor (latin for “eye” and “moving”) motor nerve.

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15
Q

What does the CNIII do? (movements)

A

innervates some extrinsic muscles that move the eye and intrinsic muscles that constrict the pupil and change the shape of the lens for focusing.

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16
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate and what does it pass through to get to the eye?

A

originate: mesencephalon
passes: via the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

Pressure or trauma to this nerve (CNIII) can cause loss of function (palsy) on which side of the head?

A

the same side as the injury (ipsilateral).

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18
Q

What is CN IV?

A

The Trochlear nerve (motor)

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19
Q

What does the trochlear nerve move?

A

the extrinsic muscles of the eye that control downward and lateral movement

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20
Q

What path does the trochlear nerve take to get to the eye?

A

Originates at the mesencephalon and passes through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone (same as CV III)

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21
Q

What is CN V?

A

The Trigeminal nerve (both m/s)

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22
Q

Where does CN V (trigeminal) originate and exit the cranium?

A

O: pons
E: several foramina

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23
Q

What nerve is involved in sensory functions such as sensations of touch, temperature, and pain from specific regions of the face?

A

CN V aka the Trigeminal nerve

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24
Q

The ophthalmic nerve branch exits where? (CN V)

A

the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone.

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25
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve branch exit (CN V)

A

The foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone.

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26
Q

What is the condition caused by the close association of optic nerve fibers and fibers of the maxillary nerve branch of CN V. (hint: causes sneezing when exposed to bright light)

A

photic sneeze reflex

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27
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve branch exit (CN V)?

A

Foramen ovale

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28
Q

What are the four muscles that the trigeminal nerve innervates?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial and lateral pterygoids

29
Q

What is CN VI?

A

The abducens nerve (latin for “drawing away” motor

30
Q

Where does the Abducens nerve originate and pass through?

A

O: Pons
P: superior orbital fissure sphenoid bone

31
Q

What does the damn CN VI freaking do?

A

moves the eye laterally

32
Q

What is the CN VII?

A

The facial nerve (both s/m)

33
Q

Where does the CN VII originate/exit?

A

the pons/several cranial foramen

34
Q

What is the motor function of the CN VII (facial)?

A

Muscles of facial expression: epicranius, buccinators, orbicularis oris, platysma.
Salivary glands: sublingual and submandibular glands

35
Q

What is the sensory function of the CN VII (facial)?

A

receive taste impulses from the anterior ⅔ of tongue (chemoreceptors for sweet) and convey them to the gustatory (taste) areas of the insult and cerebral cortex.

36
Q

What is the CN VIII?

A

The Vestibulocochlear nerve (latin for “chamber” and “snail shell”) (sensory)

37
Q

Where does the “vestibular branch” of the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) originate?

A

Vestibule of the inner ear

38
Q

What does the “vestibular branch” of the CN VIII do?

A
  1. monitor equilibrium and balance

2. sends info to several regions of the brain including the cerebellum.

39
Q

What does the “cochlear branch” of the CN VIII do?

A

sends info to the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe.

40
Q

Where does the “cochlear branch” of the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) originate?

A

the cochlea

41
Q

What is the CN IX?

A

the Glossopharyngeal (latin for “tongue” and “throat”) (both)

42
Q

What does the CN IX do?

A

innervates the posterior portion of the tongue and a muscle in the throat

43
Q

Where do the motor nerves of the CN IX (the glossopharyngeal) originate and pass through?

A

within the the medulla oblongata and pass through the jugular foramen to a muscle in the throat.

44
Q

What do the motor nerves of the CN IX (the glossopharyngeal) do?

A

stimulate the swallowing reflex and the secretion of saliva by the parotid gland.

45
Q

Where do the sensory nerves of the CN IX (the glossopharyngeal) originate/pass through?

A

originate from chemoreceptors (bitter taste) on the posterior ⅓ of the tongue and from sensors in the carotid sinus in the arteries of the neck and then enter through the jugular foramen to reach the pons and the taste areas of the insula.

SOOO: chemoreceptors/carotid sinus -> jugular foramen -> pons/insula

46
Q

What is the CN X?

A

Vagus (latin for “wandering”) (both)

47
Q

Where does the vagus (CN X) originate/pass through?

A

originates in the medulla oblongata, passes through the jugular foramen and innervates visceral organs of the thoracic/abdominal cavities.

48
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve and the only one to leave the cranial area?

A

The Vagus (X)

49
Q

What does the motor component of the vagus nerve do?

A

innervates most throat (pharynx) and larynx (voice box) muscles. vocal cords. duh.

50
Q

What are the seven (ya that’s right SEVEN…:/) things that the sensory component of the vagus receives input through?

A
  1. external auditory canal/eardrum
  2. pharynx (throat)
  3. larynx (voice box)/vocal cords
  4. heart
  5. lungs
  6. esophagus
  7. abdominal organs (minus the lower portion of large intestine) (and the seventh thing I like the most that you doooooooo… you make me love you!!! thanks miley for getting that stuck in my head.)
51
Q

What is the CN XI?

A

the accessory nerve (latin “to move toward”) (motor)

52
Q

What are the two origin points of the CN XI?

A

medulla oblongata/spinal cord

53
Q

Where does the CN XI (accessory) go?

A

the spinal root travels superiorly through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, joins with the root from the medulla oblongata then they leave the skull via the jugular foramen.

SUMMARY: spinal root -> foramen magnum -> spinal root + root from medulla oblongata -> jugular foramen

54
Q

What does the cranial root component of the Accessory do?

A

innervates pharynx muscles that contract reflexively during swallowing

55
Q

What does the spinal root component of the Accessory do?

A

innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoids

56
Q

What is the CN XII?

A

The hypoglossal (latin for “under tongue”) (motor)

57
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate/pass through/end up? (what are the exciting travels of the XII nerve?)

A

medulla oblongata -> exits via canal in skull -> mandible/inferior surface of the tongue

58
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

innervates the muscles of the tongue itself and some nearby muscles that help move the tongue.

59
Q

Damage to which nerve impairs swallowing and difficulty with speech?

A

Hypoglossal aka CN XII

60
Q

What virus “sets up shop” in the nasal mucus that may travel along olfactory cells right into the brain?

A

Human Herpesvirus 6 aka HHV-6 (article herpesvirus to brain via nose)

61
Q

What virus may contribute to neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and a form of epilepsy?

A

Human Herpesvirus 6 aka HHV-6(article herpesvirus to brain via nose)

62
Q

Where did researchers find high levels of HHV-6?

A

in the olfactory bulb

63
Q

What disorder causes excruciating and unpredictable bouts of stabbing electric shock like facial pain?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia aka tic douloreux (“painful tic” in french) aka suicide disease

64
Q

What cranial nerve disorder is caused by pressure on the trigeminal nerve, which is caused by a wayward artery or vein knocking into the nerve, irritating it with each heartbeat?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia aka tic douloreux (“painful tic” in french) aka suicide disease

65
Q

What cranial nerve disorder can be cured by permanently separating the blood vessel from the nerve (microvascular decompression procedure) or radiosurgery? (hint article: a neurosurgeon’s high-stakes game of hide-and-seek)

A

Trigeminal neuralgia aka tic douloreux (“painful tic” in french) aka suicide disease

66
Q

Whats the smartypants term for “crosseyed”?

A

Strabismus

67
Q

What pair of nerves did the Dr suspect was causing Jesse’s strabismus (article: why is he crosseyed)?

A

The sixth pair of CN

68
Q

What caused the malfunctioning of the CNVI in the article “why is he crosseyed”?

A

meningitis

69
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus caused what in the article “why is he crosseyed”?

A

meningitis

Anatomy (5 decks)

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