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Biology 11 > taxonomy unit 2 > Flashcards

taxonomy unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

advantages

A

study the diversity of life
recognize name without language barriers
better understanding of evolution
more complete picture of how life evolves

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2
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

species scientific name composed of the genus and the species in latin

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3
Q

groups

A

(domain) kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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4
Q

species

A

designation occurs naturally because organisms decide who they mate mate and reproduce with under natural conditions.

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5
Q

dichotomous keys

A

used to identify species
chart or statements
2 pathways
1 less pair of statements than the number of species

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6
Q

monera

A

bacteria and cyanobacteria- single cells that are prokaryotic. went into two separate groups eubacteria and archaebacteria which have differences in their cell eubacteria have peptidoglycan and archaebacteria don’t have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

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7
Q

protista

A

amoeba, unicellular EUKARYOTIC

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8
Q

fungi

A

mushrooms, mould. non motile and cannot photosynthesize heterotrophic. different cell wall and reproduction

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9
Q

plantae

A

photosynthesize- contain chloroplasts and a cell wall that contain cellulose, autotrophs

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10
Q

animalia

A

multicellular, depend on material for food and produce gametes, mobile

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11
Q

archetista

A

viruses- nonliving unicellular and evolve to produce drastic changes in organisms. composed of protein coat surrounding RNA or DNA

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12
Q

phylogeny

A

evolutionary history of an organism.description of the history of descent of a group of organisms and their common ancestor.

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13
Q

cladogram

A

phylogenetic tree- shows the history of an organism- nodes on the tree show the time of speciation

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14
Q

clade

A

group of evolutionary species that consists of all evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor

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15
Q

taxa

A

named clades and species

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16
Q

derived trait

A

differs from its form in common ancestors of a lineage- NODE indicates derived features

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17
Q

paraphyletic

A

includes common ancestor and the some but not all of the descendants

18
Q

polyphyletic

A

does not include the common ancestor of the group

19
Q

monophyletic

A

includes the common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. the group can be removed from the tree with a single cut

20
Q

DNA

A

the more similar the DNA of two organisms is, the more recently they shared and ancestor.

21
Q

molecular clock

A

use clomadograms and estimate the times of divergence of lineages

22
Q

mutations

A

change in the DNA they can be positive, negative or neutral

23
Q

6 taxons

A 
domain
kingdom 
phylum
class 
order
family
genus
species
24
Q

6 kingdoms

A

archaebacteria-cell walls don’t have peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph and heterotroph prokaryotes
eubacteria- prokaryotic, unicellular, heterotroph or autotroph cell walls do have peptidoglycan
protista-eukaryotic, some cell walls have cellulose and some have chloroplasts cellular and unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph amoeba
fungi- eukaryotic, cell walls made of chitin, multicellular or unicellular, heterotroph, mushroom
planate-eukaryotic, cellulose in cell walls and have cell walls, multicellular, autotroph, tree
animalia- eukaryotic, no cell walls or chloroplasts, multicellular, heterotroph, mammals fish me

25
Q

3 domains

A

archaea-cell wall doesn’t have peptidoglycan, membranes have unusual lipids, extremophiles prokaryotic cells
bacteria-cell wall has peptidoglycan and they are diverse prokaryotic cells
eukarya- all organisms that have a nucleus. contains the four kingdoms plantae animalia fungi and protista

26
Q

species

A

population that shares characteristics and can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring

27
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

developed by carols linnaeus and it is a two part name composed of the genus and the species a genus being a group of closely related species. first part is the genus second part is the species which describes a particular characteristic

28
Q

taxon

A

each level of the hierarchal system of the 7 classifications

29
Q

family

A

ranked above genus and often grouped into sub families

30
Q

order

A

broad order of taxonomic categories and is composed of similar families

31
Q

class

A

composed of similar orders for example mammals- warm blooded feed milk to young etc

32
Q

phylum

A

several different classes make up a phylum and share important features and internal functions

33
Q

kingdom

A

second largest all animals are in animalia

34
Q

domain

A

largest composed of 3 archae, bacteria and eukarya and it is very inclusive

35
Q

phylogeny

A

evolutionary relationships among organisms and groups organisms into categories. its like evolutionary classification- what species evolved from what ancestor. all members in genus share a common ancestor for them to be similar, and all animals in the same class did as well it was just farther in the past. higher level of taxon, the common ancestor is farther in the past

36
Q

barnacles and limpets

A

underwent convergent evolution because of similar environments
barnacles- larvae different, jointed limns, body divided into segments, shed/ molt external skeleton
limpets- have internal anatomy more similar to snails, do shed skeleton

37
Q

derived characteristic

A

characteristics that appear in recent pairs of lineage but not the older members derived characteristics can make cladogram

38
Q

cladogram

A

shows evolutionary relationships among group of organisms

39
Q

what do genes do

A

of many organisms show important similarities at a molecular level. these help determine evolutionary relationships and classify organisms. the more similar the genes the more closely related

40
Q

DNA evidence

A

evolution and how species have changed if the DNA is similar such as the same mutations, they diverged more recently but the more different the DNA is the farther in the past the organisms diverged

41
Q

molecular clocks

A

uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently- such as mutations which are slight changes in the DNA- neutral mutations can accumulate in the DNA of different species and can reveal how similar or dissimilar some species are.

42
Q

humans

A

domain- eukarya- eukaryotic cells
kingdom- animalia no cell walls multicellular heterotrophic
phylum- chordata- notochord- spinal chord sub phylum vertebrata
class- mammilia- warm blooded can feed young hair
order-primate- frontally directed eyes flat finger nails
family homindae
genus homo
species sapient

Biology 11 (10 decks)

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