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Musculoskeletal Module > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket
Acteabulum cup and Femor head ball
Strong and stable multiaxial ball and socket joint
can move in any direction (flex, ext, add, abd, int & ext. rotate)
v. mobile
(knee joint is less mobile as is hinge joint)
designed for both movement and stability, as when standing the entire body weight is transferred from the hips to the femurs and legs

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2
Q

What movements can be performed at the hip joint?

A

movement in Any direction
-as ball and socket joint
- flex, ext, abd, add, int.&ext. rotation
(knee joint comparatively less mobile as only hinge joint (one plane))

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3
Q

What is the stability of the Hip joint like?

A

High stability, as acetabulum covers Over 1/2 of femur head = high boney coverage
hard to dislocate except with trauma
vs: shoulder joint is less stable

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4
Q

What is the relationship between the acetabulum and femur head and coverage?

A

Acetabulum cup and femur head ball for hip ball and socket joint
High stability as acetabulum covers over>1/2 of femur head = high boney coverage = high stability and hard to dislocate except with trauma

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5
Q

What features of the hip joint’s ball (femur) allows it to have high mobility?

A

neck
Femur has Long and narrow NECK
-therefore moves around alot
= if neckshort, if you flexed/abducted hip, bits of femur would stick out and hit pelvis more (less mobile)
=if thicker neck - more contact with pelvis during flexion
-Younger people with thick femur necks = Hip flexion problems

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6
Q

What are the features of the femor’s Neck that allows the hip joint to be mobile?

A

Neck is Long and Narrow

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7
Q

What would happen to the mobility of the hip join if the neck of the femur was short?

A

during Flexion /ABD
bits of femur would stick out and hit pelvis more
=less mobile

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8
Q

What would happen to the mobility of the hip joint if the neck of the femur was thicker?

A

during flexion
would hit pelvis more
= less mobile
-children with hip roblems = born with thicker femur neck

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9
Q

What is a likely structural attribute of children with hip problems (mobility)?

A

born with a Thicker (less narrow and long) Femur Neck
=hits pelvis more during Flexion (Abd)
= Less mobile

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10
Q

What relative parts of the acetabulum are made up by the 3x parts of the hip?

A 
Superiorly= illium
Anteriorly = Pubis
Posteriorly = Ischium
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11
Q

What is the surface of the acetabulum covered with?

A

Articular cartilage

as in the joint space itself

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12
Q

What are the essential features of the Acetabular Fossa?

A

Central
Filled with fat + ligament of femoral head/ligamentum teres
NON articular

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13
Q

What are the 2x contents of the Articular Fossa?

A
  1. Fat

2. Ligament of femoral Head = Ligamentum teres

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14
Q

What is the name of the ligament of the femoral head, located inside the articular fossa?

A

Ligamentum Teres

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15
Q

Where is Ligamentum Teres located?

A

is the ligament of the femoral Head

Is located inside the articular fossa with Fat

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16
Q

Is the Articular fossa a articular or non articular surface?

A

Non articular surface

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17
Q

What are the essential features of the acetabular notch?

A

Notch/Gap between in the articulating surface of acetabulum inferiorly
Transverse Acetabular ligament runs across and completes the last 1/4 of circle of the acetabulum = helps with femoral articulation

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18
Q

What is the inferior gap of the articulating surface of the acetabulum called?

A

Articular notch
notch = gap
last 1/4 of circle completed by Transverse Acetabular Ligament

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19
Q

What composes the last 1/4 of the acetabular circle?

A

Transverse Acetabular Ligament
completes articulating circle Inferiorly
Helps with articulation

20
Q

Which ligament helps with articulation in the acetabulum?

A

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

21
Q

What sums up the hip joint’s main features?

A

strong, (mobile) and stable multiaxial ball and socket joint
-designed for movement and stability, as during standing the entire body weight is transferred through the hips to the femurs and legs

22
Q

Why is the hip joint designed to be a strong, (mobile), stabile multi-axial ball and socket joint?

A

Designed for movememnt and stability

as when standing the entire body weight is transferred from the hip, to the femurs and legs

23
Q

What happens when you’re standing regarding weight distribution?

A

When standing, your entire body weight is transferred from your hips –> to your femurs and legs
therefore you hip joints needs to be designed for movement and stability by being a strong, (mobile) and stable mutliaxial ball and socket joint

24
Q

What are the essential features of the acetabulum?

A 
around Perimeter of acetabulum
Fibrocartilagenous structure
Increases coverage over the femoral head
-helps to hold in place
-increases the stability of the joint
25
Q

What structure increases the coverage over the femoral head?

A

Acetabular labrum

-helps hold the femoral head in place –> thereby increasing the stability of the joint

26
Q

Where is the acetabular labrum located?

A

around the perimeter of the acetabulum

27
Q

What are the essential differences in the Ligamentum Teres during utero/childhood and adulthood?

A

Utero/childhood: Artery runs through ligamentum teres to supply femoral head with blood
Patent/no femoral head supply in adults
Hip operation/replacement may need to cut - a little bit of blood may come out in some people but DOESNT SUPPLY f head in adult population

28
Q

What structure has an artery running through it as a child, but then becomes patent/no longer supplies in the adult population?

A

Ligametnum Teres

Utero/childhood supplies femoral head

29
Q

What fraction of the femoral head forms a sphere?

A

2/3

30
Q

By how much does the acetabular labrum increase the articulating area of the hips ball and socket joint?

A

10%

31
Q

What is the direction of the femoral head in regards to its articulation of the acetabulum?

A

Superiomedial + 12 degrees Anterior

in articulation with acetabulum

32
Q

Is the Transverse acetabular ligament articular or non articular?

A

non-articular

33
Q

What is the one area of the femoral head that isnt covered by articular cartilage?

A

Fovea

  • where Ligamentum Teres inserts (on the femoral head)
  • everything else is covered by hyaline cartilage
34
Q

What is the name of the area on the Femoral head which is non articular and is where the Ligamentum Teres inserts?

A

Fovea of femoral head

35
Q

What 2x things in the acetabular are Non articular?

A

Acetabular fossa

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

36
Q

Fovea

A

where ligamentum teres inserts on the femoral head

-only place on femoral head not covered in hyaline cartilage

37
Q

What thing does the acetabular fossa and Transverse acetabular ligament have in common?

A

Both Non articular

38
Q

What is the head of the femur covered with?

A

Hyaline articular cartilage

39
Q

At what angle is the femora head to its long shaft/axis of femur?

A

115-140 degrees
Allows:
high mobility
lots of force through femoral necks

40
Q

What 2x things does the 115-140 degree difference between femoral necks and long axis/shaft of the femur allow?

A
  1. High mobility

2. lots of force through the femoral neck

41
Q

What is the name of the roughened boney ridge across the femoral neck between the 2 trochanters called?

A

Intertrochanteric Lone

Important boney landmark

42
Q

What is the name of the boney prominences/elevations where the femoral neck joins its shaft?

A

Greater and Lesser Trichanters

43
Q

What is the relationship between Muscles and boney prominences?

A

Bits of bones get raised and become bigger (i.e. tuberosities/trichanters) when they’re attached to muscles
-as the muscles pull on them and make them bigger
(develop the boney prominences)

44
Q

What muscle group majorly attaches to the greater trichanter?

A

Gluteal Muscles

45
Q

What is the relative position between the greater and lesser trichanter of the femur?

A

Greater trichanter of femur= LAteral

46
Q

What muscle attaches to the Lesser Trichanter of the femur?

A

Illio Psoas Muscle

47
Q

What is the Intertrochanteric chrest?

A

Line between Greater and Lesser Trichanter
Line from where things do and dont have a blood supply
Boney ridge
Chrest= Boney ridge
Line = Ligamentum tine

Musculoskeletal Module (27 decks)

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