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Musculoskeletal Module > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of apex of the axilla?

A

Medially: outer border of first rib
Anteriorly: clavicle
Posteriorly: Superior border of scapula

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2
Q

What are the components of the base/armpit of the axilla?

A

Posterior axillary fold: Latissiumus dorsi
Anterior axillary fold: Pectoralis major
Medial border: serratus anterior
Lateral border: medial aspect of humerus

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3
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectorals

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4
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

subscapularis

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5
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A 
Cords of bp
Branches of bp
axillary artery
axillary vein
lymph nodes
lymphatics
fat
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6
Q

What are the 5x groups of lymph nodes?

A
  1. Humeral/brachial
  2. Pectoral
  3. Posterior/Subscapula
  4. Central
  5. Apical
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7
Q

What is the function of the Humeral/brachial lymph nodes?

A

drains arm

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8
Q

What is the function of the Pectoral lymph nodes?

A

drains much of the breast

-important in the spread of carcinoma of that organ

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9
Q

What is the function of the Posterior/Subscapula lymph nodes?

A

drains upper part of trunk posteriorly
+
axillary tail of the breast

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10
Q

What is the function of the central lymph nodes?

A

receive from other groups

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11
Q

What is the function of the apical lymph nodes?

A

receive from all other groups

eventually drains into the thoracic duct/right lymphatic trunk

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12
Q

What is the plexus which innervates the upper limb?

A

Brachial plexus

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13
Q

What is the plexus that innervates the lower limb?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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14
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves
arising from C5-T1
Jumbling of nerve information leaving and coming back into vertebral canal (sensory and motor)

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15
Q

What does the anterior division of the brachial plexus supply?

A

Flexor compartments of the limb

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16
Q

What does the posterior division of the brachial plexus supply?

A

Extensor compartments of the limb

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17
Q

Where do the roots of the brachial plexus emerge from?

A

Between scalenus anterior + scalenus medius

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18
Q

Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie?

A

Lower part of the posterior traingle of the neck

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19
Q

What do the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus form?

A

Supraclavicular part of the plexus

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20
Q

Where are the division of the brachial plexus located?

A

behind the clavicle

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21
Q

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus formed?

A

Outer border of the first rib

enter apex with axillary artery and vein

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22
Q

What do the cords and branches form?

A

infraclavicular part of the plexus

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23
Q

What are the 3x names for the Cords in the brachial plexus?

A

Medial
Lateral
Posterior

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24
Q

What is the function of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

mixed sensory and motor nerves supplying the skin and muscles of the upper limb

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25
Q

What do the other motor or sensory branches from roots, trunks and cords of the plexus supply?

A 
Specific muscles of the limb girdle (motor)
or Skin (cutaneous)
26
Q

What is the relationship between a dermatome and cutaneous nerve distribution?

A

Dermatome may be supplied by several cutaneous nerves

-Cutaneous nerves may not be confined to innervating just that dermatome

27
Q

What are some symptoms related to specific dermatomes?

A

Parathesias and Pain

even though relatively rare, may be serious or indicate spinal involvement

28
Q

What 3x categories can pyramids be divided into?

A

Base
2x sides
ceiling

29
Q

What are the 5x components of the Anterior Wall?

A

Pectoralis Major
Clavicle (technically isnt but is begining of it)
Subclavius Muscle - linked to pec minor via costocoracoid ligament
Costocoracoid ligament and membrane
suspensory ligament of the axilla

30
Q

What are the 2x functions of the costocoracoid ligament and membrane?

A
  1. links subclavius to pec minor
  2. Envelops pec minor, and becomes part of the deep fascia surrounding the muscle –> the becomes suspensory ligament of axilla
31
Q

What is clavipectoral fascia?

A

Costocoracoid ligament and membrane
+
suspensory ligament and membrane of axilla
=true anterior wall , if you were inside axilla this is what you would see

32
Q

What are the 4 components of the Posterior wall of the axilla?

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Teres Major
  3. Lat. Dorsi
  4. Supraspinatis (little bit)
33
Q

What is the muscle which makes the medial border of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior

-Cannot be seen in sagittal view

34
Q

Which border of the axilla cannot be seen in the Sagittal view?

A

Medial border

35
Q

What are the 2x components of Lateral border of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus
+
Tendon of long head of biceps femoris (runs in intertubercular groove)

36
Q

What is another name for the ape of the axilla?

A

Cervicoaxillary canal

“cervico-“ = neck

37
Q

What is the function of the axilla?

A

Conduit of things

how everything leaves the axial skeleton –> goes to free limb

38
Q

What is the name and the relative positions of vessels surrounding the 2x scalene muscles located in the apex?

A

Middle Scalene
Anterior Scalene

MID
brachial plexus
artery
ANT
vein
-important landmark -shows where structures enter and exit the axilla
39
Q

Where do the spinal roots of the brachial plexus leave the vertebral canal?

A

Posterior riangle of the neck, above the calvicle

40
Q

What is the neurovascular bundle that runs down through the axilla?

A

Artery

Brachial plexus

41
Q

What is C8?

A

Spinal nerve switch from above to below vertebrae

42
Q

What additional contributions can you have to the brachial plexus from other roots of plexus?

A

C4= Prefixed

T2=Postfixed

43
Q

What do the 3x 1/3 small branches off roots create?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

-supplies serratus anterior

44
Q

How many small branches come off C5 root?

A

2x small branches

+ 1/3 branch of long thoracic nerve

45
Q

How many small branches come off Superior Trunk?

A

1

46
Q

How many small branches come off Lateral Cord?

A

1

47
Q

How many small branches come off Posterior cord?

A

3

48
Q

How many small branches come off the Medial cord?

A

3

49
Q

What does Supraclavicular mean?

A

Above Clavicle

50
Q

What does Claicle mean?

A

Behind clavicle

51
Q

What does Infraclavicular mean?

A

Below clavicle = have entered axilla

52
Q

How can you always identify musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Enters Coracobrachialis

53
Q

What are the essential features of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Enters Coracobrachialis
Entire Anterior Compartment of Arm MOTOR supply
–> becomes Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Forearm
Supplies skin on lateral side of forearm

54
Q

What are the essential features of median nerve?

A

made up of 2x cords

55
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles and Lumbricals of the hand and how many?

A

Median nerve
3x Thenar muscles
-Short abductor & Flexor (superficial) & Opponens pollocis
1st and 2nd Lumbrical

56
Q

Which nerve innervates the Hypothenar muscles and 3rd and 4th Lumbricals?

A

Ulna Nerve
Hypothenar muscles
3rd and 4th Lumbricals

57
Q

What 2x muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Teres Minor

Deltoid

58
Q

What is the Axillary nerve responsible for?

A

The Cutaneous distribution around the shoulder

59
Q

What do you need to be aware of with an intramuscular injection around the shoulder?

A

axillary nerve

inject high in shoulder to try an avoid it

60
Q

What is the largest terminal branch off the Posterior cord out of Axillary and Radial Nerve?

A

Radial Nerve

Musculoskeletal Module (27 decks)

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