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Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

what does APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

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2
Q

what APGAR scores require assist and stimulate?

A

4 - 6

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3
Q

what is the consequence of having APGAR score less than 4

A

inc risk that the child will develop long term neurologic damage

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4
Q

what is the cut off weight for low birth weight?

A

2.5 kg

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5
Q

two causes for low birth weight?

A

prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction

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6
Q

what two conditions are associated with low birth weight?

A
  1. inc risk of sudden infant death syndrome

2. inc overall mortality

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7
Q

complications associated with low birth weight?

A

infections, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotiziing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal circulation

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8
Q

what pathology is associated with “thermoregulation and immune function, polycythemia, and impaired neurocognitive/emotional development?”

A

low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)

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9
Q

at what age does a baby develop separation anxiety?

A

by 9 month

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10
Q

at what age does a baby develop stranger anxiety?

A

by 6 month

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11
Q

object permanence develops by

A

9 month

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12
Q

when does a baby start to babble?

A

by 10 month

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13
Q

how many words can a 3 yr old baby?

A

1,000 words

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14
Q

baby climbs stairs by

A

18 month

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15
Q

gender identity formed by

A

36 month

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16
Q

cooperative play starts at what age?

A

3 yr

17
Q

when does a baby feeds self with fork and spoon?

A

by 20 month

18
Q

how is REM affected by aging?

A

dec

19
Q

is slow wave sleep dec or inc by aging?

A

dec

20
Q

in presbycusis what is destroyed?

A

destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base

21
Q

what frequency is preserved in presbycusis?

A

low freq hearing at apex

22
Q

what is the number one killer among 45 - 64 yr?

A

cancer

23
Q

what is the number one killer among 1-44 yr?

A

unintentional injury

24
Q

what drugs dec REM?

A

alcohol, benzo, barbs, norepinephrine

25
Q

in noised induced hearing loss, what is damaged?

A

stereociliated cells in organ of Corti

26
Q

when can a baby tell detailed stories?

A

by 4 yr

27
Q

by what age can a baby takes first steps?

A

by 12 month

28
Q

when does rapproachement (moves away from and returns to mom) take place?

A

by 24 month

29
Q

when does a child can use buttons, zippers, groom oneself?

A

by 5 yr

30
Q

when does a baby start to comfortably send part of day away from mom?

A

by 3 yr

31
Q

what procedure improves “process reliability?”

A

standardization

32
Q

what does “swiss cheese model” explain?

A

in complex organizations, flaws in mulitple processes and systems may align to cause patient harm

33
Q

according to swiss cheese model, what needs to be done to improve pt’s care?

A

focus on systems and conditions rather than an individual’s error

34
Q

what is active error?

A

occurs at level of frontline operator such as wrong IV pump dose programmed

35
Q

what is latent error?

A

occurs in processes indirect from operator but impacts patient care such as different types of IV pumps used within same hospital

36
Q

name of the medical error analysis that uses records and participant interviews to identify all the underlying problems that led to an error.

A

root cause analysis

37
Q

root cause analysis uses what approach?

A

retrospective approach applied after failure event to prevent recurrence.

38
Q

what is failure mode and effects analysis?

A

medical error analysis that uses inductive reasoning to identify all the ways a process might fail and prioritize these by their probability of occurrence and impact on patients

39
Q

what type of approach is used for failure mode and effects analysis?

A

forward-looking approach applied before process implementation to prevent failure occurrence

Step 1 Crush 250! - Hans (41 decks)

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