Special Sense Hearing & Vestibular Senses

Question 1

perilymph

Answer 1

found in scala vestibuli tympani
HIGH Na LOW K
similar to ECF

Question 2

endolymph

Answer 2

found in scala media

HIGH K LOW Na

Question 3

external ear

Answer 3

funnels the sound waves into the ear

helped by head motions - turn head towards noise

Question 4

middle ear

Answer 4

transmits sound waves from the air environment of he middle ear to the aqueous environment of the cochlea
ossicle transmits sound waves from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea

Question 5

inner ear

Answer 5

impact of the stapes on the oval window causes the basilar membrane to vibrate at the same frequency of the sound

Question 6

high frequency

Answer 6

short wave length, maximum vibration of basilar membrane closest to the oval window

Question 7

low frequency

Answer 7

long wave length sounds causes maximum vibration of the basilar membrane farthest away from the oval window

Question 8

change in membrane potential of hair cells

Answer 8

sterocilia bent towards kinocilim will lead to depolarization through opening of K channels
ENDOLYMPH has high K which is what drives it into cells

Question 9

activation of hair cells

Answer 9

sound will vibrate the basilar membrane to vibrate which is connected to the tectorial membrane leading to movement of the hair cells

Question 10

cochlear ventral

Answer 10

starts processing of temporal and spectral features of sound

timing and pitch

Question 11

cochlear dorsal

Answer 11

integrates the acoustic information w/ somatosensory information for localizing the sound
where the sound started from

Question 12

medial superior olive

Answer 12

generates a map of interaural time differences

Question 13

lateral superior olive

Answer 13

generates a map of interaural intensity differences

Question 14

inferior colliculus

Answer 14

suppresses info related to echoes and arrives at a final estimation of the sound location on the horizon

Question 15

superior colliculus

Answer 15

takes the location data from the inferior colliculus and adds the third dimension to it (vertical height) to create the spatial map of the sounds location

Question 16

primary auditory cortex A1

Answer 16

rostaral activated by low frequency
caudal areas activated by high frequency
neurons detect pure tones

Question 17

associated auditory cortical areas A2

Answer 17

made of Broca’s and Wernicke’s
neurons activated by complex sounds
identification of sound
speech

Question 18

linear acceleration

Answer 18

moving along a line
horizontally
vertically

Question 19

angular accelleration

Answer 19

motion includes rotation spinning or turing

Question 20

horizontal semicircular canal

Answer 20

best for detecting turing motion

Question 21

posterior semicircular canal

Answer 21

best for detecting falling backwards

Question 22

anterior semicircular canal

Answer 22

best for detecting falling forwards

Question 23

utricle

Answer 23

best situated to detect linear motion occurring on the horizontal plane

Question 24

saccule

Answer 24

best positioned for vertical accelerations

Question 25

activation of anterior semicircular canal

Answer 25

SR activated
IR inhibited
eyes move up to focus when you fall

Question 26

activation of posterior semicircular canal

Answer 26

SO activated
IO inhibited
eyes move down to continue to focus on a point as you fall backward

Question 27

activatio of horizontal semicircular canal

Answer 27

Ipsilateral - MR activated, LR inhibited in
Contralateral - LR activated, MR inhibited
eyes move L or R to continue to focus as you spin