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Nursing BIO/CHEM > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of a Plant Cell

A
  • Peroxisome
  • Mitochondrion
  • Golgi Complex
  • Microfilament
  • Vacuole
  • Microtubule
  • Chloroplast
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Plasma Membrane
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2
Q

Components of an Animal Cell

A
  • Flagellum
  • Nucleus
  • Nucleolus
  • Golgi Complex
  • Cytoplasm
  • Basal body
  • Microfilament
  • Lysosome
  • Centrosome: Centriole
  • Ribosome
  • Microtubule
  • Peroxisome
  • Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondrion
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Plasma Membrane
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3
Q

Components of Plasma Membrane

A
  • Phospholipid Bilayer
  • Peripheral Proteins
  • Integral Proteins (Transmembrane proteins)
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4
Q

Glycoproteins

A

proteins with chains of carbohydrates

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5
Q

Ogliosaccharides

A

chains of glcyoproteins

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6
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

proteins located on the side of the membrane the inside of cell

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7
Q

Integral proteins

A

proteins that go through the entire membrane and stick out on both sides. Different types, I,II,III,IV,V, VI

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8
Q

Type I integral protein

A

has a COO- group on the inside of the cell and a NH3+ group on the outside

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9
Q

Type II integral protein

A

Has a H3N+ group on the inside of the cell and a -OOC group on the outside of the cell. This is more common becuase the inside of the cell is usually negative

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10
Q

Cholesterol

A

a lipid that adds fluidity of the membrane

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11
Q

Properties of the Cell Plasma Membrane

A
  • selective permeability allows passage of molecules through things like diffusion and osmosis
  • Endocytosis allows phagocytosis and pinocytosis
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12
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cell drinking

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13
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cell eating bacteria

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14
Q

Eukaryotic Cell properties

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Cytoplasmic streaming
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15
Q

Plant vs Animal Cell

A
  • Animal cells have a rough ER

- Also a thicker plasma membrane and no cell wall

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

substance inside plasma membrane and outside nucleus

17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules that provide structure

18
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming

A

movement of the cytoplasm throughout cells

19
Q

Animal Cell Membrane Bound Organelles

A
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria
  • Lysosomes
  • Vacoules
20
Q

Nucleus

A
  • two phospholipid bilayers surrounding it

- nucleolus on the inside which creates RNA

21
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • free ribosomes make proteins required in the cytoplasm
  • the ones attached to the ER are proteins to go into the membrane or secreted out of the cell (works with the Rough ER so that those proteins can be transported)
22
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Synthesizes proteins and transports them

- Rough ER surrounds the nucleus

23
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Proteins that are synthesized from the RER are moved into the golgi, which synthesizes carbohydrates
  • Post translational modification happens here
  • Golgi packages up proteins to be sent outside of the cell
24
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • has a double membrane
  • powerhouse of the cell(allows for aerobic respiration)
  • creates energy from carbs–> ATP
  • Anaerobic production of ATP does not need mitochondria but is not very efficient
25
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Contain hydrolytic enzymes
  • phagosomes bind to lysosomes and fuse, the enzymes inside act inside phagosomes
  • kills inside contents of phagosome
  • Hydrolytic enzymes need to be protected because they destroy all living things.
26
Q

Vacoules

A

-contain material stored or brought into the cell

27
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  • contain photosynthetic pigments which allows the cell to use energy from the sun instead of only carbohydrates.
  • also has double membrane
28
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

theory that chloroplast, bacteria and mitochondrion came from a universal ancestor

29
Q

Similarities b/w Bacteria and Mitochondria

A
  • replication is binary fission
  • membrane is a double phospholipid
  • genome is DNA
  • etc
30
Q

Amino acid

A
  • central alpha carbon(chiral/asymmetric molecule, can make stereoisomers)
  • All amino acid residues in natural proteins are the L-stereoisomer (as opposed to D)
  • w/ a carboxyl group, amino group, R side chain, H side chain all attached.
  • 20 different acids.
31
Q

Amino Acid Polymerization

A

Linkage of two amino acids making a dipeptide

32
Q

Amino Acid Polymers - combination

A

-through anabolic reactions, water molecules are removed when O and H connect- creating a link

33
Q

Amino Acid Polymer - breakdown

A

catabolic reactions, water is added between monomers to break up polymers into monomer units.

34
Q

classes of amino acids

A
  • nonpolar aliphatic R groups
  • aromatic R groups
  • Pola uncharged R groups
35
Q

Non polar aliphatic R groups

A
  • non polar and thus hydrophobic

e. g. Glycine, Alanine, Proline.

36
Q

Aromatic R groups

A
  • Have a benzene or other aromatic molecule on the end
  • Relatively non polar and thus hydrophobic
  • e.g. Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine
37
Q

Polar uncharged R groups

A
  • are polar thus hydrophilic

- e.g. Serine , threonine

38
Q

Disulphide Bond Formation

A
  • between amino acid residues
  • creates strongly hydrophobic nonpolar regions
  • creates 3D shape of protein
  • Links between amino acids

Nursing BIO/CHEM (7 decks)

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