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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Sternoclavicular Joint > Flashcards

Sternoclavicular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle-type synovial joint

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2
Q

Where is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Between the clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

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3
Q

How is the sternoclavicular joint unique?

A

It is the only attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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4
Q

Is the sternoclavicular joint a mobile joint?

A

Yes, very

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5
Q

How can the sternoclavicular joint function?

A

Like a ball-and-socket type joint

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6
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint consist of?

A

The sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium of the sternum, and part of the 1st costal cartilage

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7
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the SC joint covered with?

A

Fibrocartilage (as opposed to hyaline cartilage, present in the majority of synovial joints)

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8
Q

What is the SC joint separated into?

A

Two compartments

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9
Q

How is the SC joint separated into two compartments?

A

By a fibrocartilaginous articular disc

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10
Q

What does the joint capsule consist of?

A

A fibrous outer layer and an inner synovial membrane

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11
Q

Where does the fibrous layer of the joint capsule extend?

A

From the epiphysis of the sternal end of the clavicle, to the borders of the articular surfaces and the articular disc

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12
Q

What lines the inner surface of the joint capsule of the SC joint?

A

A synovial membrane

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13
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the joint capsule of the SC joint do?

A

Produces synovial fluid

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial fluid in the joint capsule of the SC joint?

A

Reduces friction between articulating surfaces

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15
Q

What do the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint provide?

A

Much of its stability

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16
Q

Where are the major ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sternoclavicular ligaments (anterior and posterior)
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

What do the sternoclavicular ligaments do?

A

Strengthen the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

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18
Q

What does the interclavicular ligament do?

A

Spans the gap between the sternal ends of each clavicle, and reinforces the joint capsule superiorly

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19
Q

What often separates the two parts of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

A bursa

20
Q

Where do the two parts of the costoclavicular ligament bind?

A

At the 1st rib and cartilage inferiorly, and to the anterior and posterior borders of the clavicle superiorly

21
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

Very strong ligament, main stabilising force for the joint, resting elevation of the pectoral girdle

22
Q

What can the sternoclavicular and interclavicular ligaments be considered to be?

A

Thickenings of the joint capsule

23
Q

What is the arterial supply to the SC joint from?

A

The internal thoracic artery and suprascapular artery

24
Q

What is the SC joint supplied by?

A

The medial supraclavicular nerve (C3 and C4) and the nerve to the subclavius

25
Q

What movements require SC joint involvement?

A

Elevation of shoulders- shrugging shoulders of abducting the arm over 90º
Depression of shoulders- dropping shoulders or extending the arm at the shoulder behind the boy
Protraction of the shoulders- Moving the shoulder girdle anteriorly
Retraction of the shoulders- Moving the shoulder girdle posteriorly
Rotation- when the arm is raised over the head by flexion, the clavicle rotates passively as the scapula rotates

26
Q

How is the rotation of the scapula transmitted to the clavicle?

A

By the coracoclavicular ligaments

27
Q

What do the costoclavicular ligaments act as?

A

A pivot for the movements of the clavicle

28
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint require for?

A

To accommodate the movements of the upper limb

29
Q

What is the result of the SC joint being required to accommodate the movements of the upper limb?

A

It has a high degree of mobility

30
Q

What does the SC joint require?

A

Much stability

31
Q

Why does the SC joint require much stability?

A

Because it’s the only connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton

32
Q

What contributes to the SC joints mobility?

A

The type of joint

The articular disc

33
Q

How does the type of joint contribute to the SC joints mobility?

A

Being a saddle joint, it can move in two axis

34
Q

What does the articular disc of the SC joint allow?

A

The clavicle and the manubrium to slide over each other more freely, allowing for the rotation and movement in a third axis

35
Q

What contributes to the stability of the SC joint?

A

Strong joint capsule

Strong ligament

36
Q

Which ligament in particular contributes to the strength of the SC joint?

A

The costoclavicular ligament

37
Q

How does the costoclavicular ligament contribute to the strength of the SC joint?

A

It transfers stress from the clavicle to the manubrium (via the costal cartilage)

38
Q

How common is a dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Quite rare

39
Q

What does a dislocation of the SC joint require?

A

Considerable force

40
Q

Why is a dislocation of the SC joint rare?

A

Because the costoclavicular ligament and the articular disc are highly effective at absorbing and transmitting forces away from the joint into the sternum

41
Q

What are the major types of sternoclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Anterior dislocations

Posterior dislocations

42
Q

Which is the more common type of sternoclavicular joint dislocation?

A

Anterior

43
Q

How do anterior sternoclavicular joint dislocations occur?

A

Following a blow to the anterior shoulder which rotates the shoulder backwards

44
Q

How do posterior dislocations of the SC joint occur?

A

Normally result from a force driving the shoulder forwards, of from direct impact to the joint

45
Q

What is a sternoclavicular joint accompanied with in younger people?

A

A fracture through the epiphysial plate

46
Q

Why is a SC joint dislocation accompanied with a epiphyseal plate fracture in younger people?

A

Because the epiphyseal growth plate of the sternal end of the clavicle has not fully closed

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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