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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > The Acromioclavicular Joint > Flashcards

The Acromioclavicular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular?

A

A plane type of synovial joint

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2
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?

A

Where the lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula

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3
Q

Where can the acromioclavicular joint be palpated?

A

During a shoulder examination, 2-3cm medially from the ‘tip’ of the shoulder

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4
Q

What is the shoulder formed by?

A

The end of the acromion

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5
Q

What does the acromioclavicular joint consist of?

A

An articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula

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6
Q

What are the atypical features of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The articular surfaces of the joint are lined with fibrocartilage (as opposed to hyaline cartilage)
The joint cavity is partially divided by an articular disc

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7
Q

What is the articular disc of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

A wedge of fibrocartilage suspended from the upper part of the capsule

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8
Q

What does the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint consist of?

A

A loose fibrous layer which encloses the two articular surfaces

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9
Q

What does the joint capsule give rise to?

A

The articular disc

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10
Q

What is the posterior aspect of the joint capsule reinforced by?

A

Fibres from the trapezius muscle

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11
Q

What is the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint lined internally by?

A

A synovial membrane

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12
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the joint capsule do?

A

Secretes synovial fluid into the cavity of the joint

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13
Q

What are the major ligaments present in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular
Conoid
Trapezoid

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14
Q

Where does the acromioclavicular ligament run?

A

Horizontally from the acromion to the lateral clavicle

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15
Q

What does the acromioclavicular ligament do?

A

Covers the joint capsule, reinforcing its superior aspect

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16
Q

Where does the conoid ligament run?

A

Vertically form the coracoid process of the scapula to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle

17
Q

Where does the trapezoid ligament run?

A

From the coracoid process of the scapula to the trapezoid line of the clavicle

18
Q

What are the conoid and trapezoid ligaments collectively known as?

A

The coracoclavicular ligament

19
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?

A

Effectively suspends the weight of the upper limb from the clavicle

20
Q

What does the acromioclavicular joint allow?

A

A degree of axial rotation and anterioposterior movement

21
Q

Which muscles act on the acromioclavicular joint?

A

None

22
Q

What is the result of no muscles acting on the acromioclavicular joint?

A

All movement is passive, and initiated by movement at other joints

23
Q

What is the arterial supply to the acromioclavicular joint via?

A

The suprascapular artery

The thoraco-acromial artery

24
Q

What does the suprascapular artery arise from?

A

The subclavian artery at the thyrocervical trunk

25
Q

What does the thoraco-acromial artery arise from?

A

The axillary artery

26
Q

What are the veins of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

They follow the major arteries

27
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint innervated by?

A

Articular branches of the suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves

28
Q

Where do the nerves innervating the acromioclavicular joint arise from?

A

The brachial plexus

29
Q

When does acromioclavicular joint dislocation occur?

A

When the two articulating surfaces of the joint are separated

30
Q

What is acromioclavicular joint dislocation associated with?

A

Joint soft tissue damage

31
Q

What does acromioclavicular joint dislocation commonly occur from?

A

A direct blow to the joint, or a fall on an outstretched hand

32
Q

When is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint more serious?

A

If a ligamental rupture occurs, of the acromioclavicular or the coracoclavicular ligaments

33
Q

What happens is the coracoclavicular ligament is torn?

A

The weight of the upper limb is not supported, and the shoulder moves inferiorly, increasing the prominence of the clavicle

34
Q

What does management of an AC joint dislocation depend on?

A

The injury severity and impact on quality of life

35
Q

What do the treatment options of an AC joint dislocation range from?

A

Ice and rest, to ligament reconstruction surgery

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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