Forearm Flashcards
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Pronator Teres
Origin:
Humeral head = Medial Epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head = Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion:
Lateral surface of mid-shaft radius
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Pronate forearm
Flexes forearm
Test:
Flex forearm and ask patient to pronate forearm against resistance. Palpate muscle and medial cubital fossa.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flex wrist
Radial deviation/abduction
Test:
Flex wrist against resistance. If normal, muscle is palpable.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Palmaris Longus
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flexion of wrist
Tenses palmar aponeurosis
Test:
Pinch pads of thumb and little finger together and flex wrist slightly. If present and normal, Palmaris Longus is visible.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin:
Humeral head = Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head = Olecranon process + posterior border of ulna
Insertion:
Base of 5th metacarpal + hook of hamate + pisiform
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action:
Flexion of wrist
Ulnar deviation/Adduction
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin:
Humeroulnar head = Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radial head = Superior half of anterior border of radius
Insertion:
Shaft of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits (via 4 seperate tendons which airs near the wrist).
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flex wrist
Flex medial 4 metacarpophalangeal joints
Flex medial 4 proximal interphalangeal joints
Test:
Flex 1 digit at proximal interphalangeal joint whilst keeping other 3 digits extended (this is to inactivate flexor Digitorum profundus)
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin:
Proximal 3/4 of anterior and medial surfaces of ulna + interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Medial part = Bases of distal phalanges of metacarpal 4 and 5
Lateral part = Bases of distal phalanges of metacarpal 2 and 3
Innervation:
Medial part = Ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Lateral part = Median nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flex wrist
Flex medial 4 metacarpophalangeal joints (on their respective sides)
Flex proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of medial 4 digits (on their respective sides))
Test:
Hold proximal interphalangeal joints in extension whilst trying to flex distal interphalangeal joints. Can test median nerve (with index finger) and test ulnar nerve (with little finger)
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin:
Anterior surface of radius + interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flex phalanges of thumb
Flex metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Flex thumb
Test:
Hold proximal phalanx in extension and flex distal phalanx against resistance.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Pronator Quadratus
Origin:
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion:
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
Innervation: Median Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Pronate forearm
Bind radius and ulna together
Test:
None listed.
Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.
Superficial:
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Digitorum
- Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Anconeus
Deep Layer:
- Supinator
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Indicis
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Brachioradialis
Origin:
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
Lateral surface of distal end of radius (near styloid process)
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Flexion of forearm (maximal when arm is mid-pronated - Beer drinking muscle)
Test:
Resisted Flexion of mid-pronated forearm. If normal, muscle can be palpated and seen.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin:
Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion:
Dorsal aspect of base of metacarpal 2
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Extension of wrist joint
Radial deviation (abduction)
Assist fist clenching
Test:
With forearm pronated and hand abducted + extended,can palpate muscle on back of arm (inferoposterior to the lateral side of the elbow)
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Dorsal aspect of base of metacarpal 3
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Extension of hand at wrist
Abduct hand at wrist
Test:
None listed
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Extensor Digitorum
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Extensor expansion of medial 4 digits (via 4 digits)
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Extend proximal phalanges and through collateral ligaments, it also extends middle and distal phalanges.
Test:
Pronate forearm and extend fingers. Encourage person to keep metacarpophalangeal joints extended whilst examiner tries to flex proximal phalange. If normal, tendons can be seen and palpated.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
Extensor expansion of 5th digit (via its own compartment of extensor retinaculum, posterior to distal radio-ulnar joint).
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Action:
Extension of 5th digit (primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondary at interphalangeal joints)
Test:
Resisted extension of little finger whilst other 4 digits are flexed at metacarpophalangeal joints.
Give Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action, and Test of:
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin:
Humeral head = Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar head = Common aponeurosis of posterior border of ulna (shared with FCU and FDP)
Insertion:
Dorsal aspect of base of metacarpal 5
Action:
Extend wrist
Adduct wrist
Assist with fist clenching
Test:
Forearm is pronated and wrist + fingers are extended. Perform resisted Adduction and you can palpate tendon proximal to ulnar head. Muscle seen + palpated on proximal forearm.
