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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What do the chemical reactions do in aerobic respiration?

A

1) Use glucose and oxygen

2) release energy

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2
Q

Does aerobic respiration occur in both plants and animals?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Inside plants, where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?

A

The mitochondria

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4
Q

Glucose + X = Carbon dioxide + Y (+ energy). What are X and Y?

A 
X = Oxygen
Y = Water
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5
Q

What effect does the energy produced by respiration have on molecules?

A

Builds larger molecules from smaller ones

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6
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on animals?

A

Enables muscles to contract

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7
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on mammals and birds?

A

Helps them to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings

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8
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on plants?

A

Builds up sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built into proteins

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9
Q

What happens during exercises?

A

1) the heart race increases

2) the rate and depth of breathing increases

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10
Q

What happens when the blood flow to the muscles increases?

A

1) increase the supply of sugar and oxygen

2) increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What do muscles store glucose as?

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

What is done to the glycogen in muscles during exercise?

A

Converted back to glucose so aerobic respiration can occur

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13
Q

If there is insufficient oxygen, which type of respiration occurs?

A

Anaerobic respiration

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14
Q

In anaerobic respiration, what does the incomplete breakdown of glucose produce?

A

Lactic acid

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15
Q

Why is there less energy released during anaerobic respiration?

A

Because there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose

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16
Q

What does anaerobic respiration result in?

A

Oxygen dept

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17
Q

Why does the oxygen debt in anaerobic respiration have to be repaid?

A

In order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

What happens to muscles if they are subjected to longer periods of extreme exercise?

A

They become fatigued

19
Q

What is the main cause of muscle fatigue?

A

Build up of lactic acid

20
Q

How is lactic acid removed?

A

By the blood flow through the muscles

21
Q

What are chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?

A

Enzymes

22
Q

What do the chemical reactions do in aerobic respiration?

A

1) Use glucose and oxygen

2) release energy

23
Q

Does aerobic respiration occur in both plants and animals?

A

Yes

24
Q

Inside plants, where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?

A

The mitochondria

25
Q

Glucose + X = Carbon dioxide + Y (+ energy). What are X and Y?

A 
X = Oxygen
Y = Water
26
Q

What effect does the energy produced by respiration have on molecules?

A

Builds larger molecules from smaller ones

27
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on animals?

A

Enables muscles to contract

28
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on mammals and birds?

A

Helps them to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings

29
Q

What effect does energy produced from respiration have on plants?

A

Builds up sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built into proteins

30
Q

What happens during exercises?

A

1) the heart race increases

2) the rate and depth of breathing increases

31
Q

What happens when the blood flow to the muscles increases?

A

1) increase the supply of sugar and oxygen

2) increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide

32
Q

What do muscles store glucose as?

A

Glycogen

33
Q

What is done to the glycogen in muscles during exercise?

A

Converted back to glucose so aerobic respiration can occur

34
Q

If there is insufficient oxygen, which type of respiration occurs?

A

Anaerobic respiration

35
Q

In anaerobic respiration, what does the incomplete breakdown of glucose produce?

A

Lactic acid

36
Q

Why is there less energy released during anaerobic respiration?

A

Because there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose

37
Q

What does anaerobic respiration result in?

A

Oxygen dept

38
Q

Why does the oxygen debt in anaerobic respiration have to be repaid?

A

In order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

39
Q

What happens to muscles if they are subjected to longer periods of extreme exercise?

A

They become fatigued

40
Q

What is the main cause of muscle fatigue?

A

Build up of lactic acid

41
Q

How is lactic acid removed?

A

By the blood flow through the muscles

42
Q

What are chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?

A

Enzymes

Biology (10 decks)

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