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Step 1 immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1 (osteoclast activating factor)

A

secreted by Macs

  1. fever, acute inflammation
  2. activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
  3. induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCS
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2
Q

IL-6

A

secreted by Macs

  1. fever
  2. stimulates prod. of acute-phase proteins
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3
Q

IL-8

A

secreted by Macs

major chemotactic factor for neutrophils to clean up infections

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4
Q

IL-12

A

secreted by Macs

  1. induces differentiation of T cells into TH1
  2. activates NK cells
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5
Q

TNF-a

A

secreted by Macs

  1. mediates septic shock
  2. activates endothelium
  3. WBC recruitment, vascular leak
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6
Q

what causes cachexia in malignancy?

A

TNF-a

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7
Q

IL-2

A

secreted by all T cells

  1. stim growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells
  2. stim growth of NK cell
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8
Q

IL-3

A

secreated by all T cells

  1. supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (functions like GM-CSF)
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9
Q

INFy

A

sec. by Th1 cells and NK cells in response to IL-12

  1. stims Macs to phagocytosed pathogens
  2. inhibits diff. of Th2 cells
  3. act. NK cells to kill virus infected cells
  4. inc MHC expression and antigen presentation by ALL cells
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10
Q

IL-4

A

sec by TH-2 cells

  1. induces diff into Th2
  2. promotes growth of B cells
  3. enhances class switching to IgE and IgG
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11
Q

IL-5

A

sec by TH-2 cells

  1. promotes growth and diff of B cells
  2. enhances class switching to IgA
  3. stim. growth and diff of eosinophils
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12
Q

IL-10

A

from Th2 cells and reg T cells

  1. attenuates inflamm. resp.
  2. DEC expression of MHC II and Th1 cytokines
  3. inhibits ACTIVATED Macs and dendrite cells.
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13
Q

which two molecules attenuate the inflamm response?

A

TGF-B and IL-10

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14
Q

HOT T-bone stEAK

A

IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: T cell stimulator
IL-3: Bone marrow stimulator (sim to GM-CSF)
IL-4: IgE (class switching from IgG), B cell growth
IL-5: IgA, eosinophils
IL-6: aKute phase proteins

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15
Q

Classic pathway

A

IgG or IgM mediated

GM makes Classic cars

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16
Q

alternative pathway

A

microbe surface molecules

17
Q

lectin pathway

A

mannose or other sugars on microbe pathway

18
Q

why does splenectomy decrease immune response to encapsulated organisms?

A

decreased IgM –> decreased classical –> decreased C3b opsonization —> dead.

19
Q

MHC I characteristics

A
  1. loci HLA-A,B,C
  2. binds TCR and CD8 w/ endogenous particle
  3. uses TAP and B2-microglobulin
20
Q

MHC II characterisitcs

A
  1. loci HLA- DP, DQ, DR
  2. binds TCR and CD4 w/ exogenous
  3. uses acidified endosome/ invariant chain
21
Q

IFN a, IFN B

A

defend against RNA/DNA viruses

glycoproteins synthesized by virally-activated cells that act locally on uninfected cells, “priming them” for viral defense by helping to selectively degrade viral nucleic acid and protein

22
Q

Regulatory T- cells

A

express CD3, 4, 25 and FOXP3

release anti-inflamm cytokines: IL-10, TNFB factors

23
Q

Proliferation and survival of T-cells requires?

A

costim signal btwn B7 (CD 80/86) [dendrite] and CD28 [T-cell]

24
Q

Proliferation and survival of B-cells requires?

A

CD40 [b cell] bound to CD-40L [Th-cell].

Th secretes cytokines that determine class switching of B

25
Q

Main Ab in delayed response to an Ag?

A

IgG (most abundant isotype in serum)

26
Q

IgG roles

A

Fixes complement, provides infants w/ passive immunity (crosses placenta), opsonizes bacteria, neutralizes bacterial toxins/viruses

27
Q

Ab produced in the immediate response to an antigen

A

IgM

28
Q

Mediates immunity to worms by activating eosinophils

A

IgE

29
Q

Binds Mast cells and basophils, cross-links when exposed to allergen, mediates immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity rxns ? through release of…

A

IgE;

inflamm. mediators such as histamine

30
Q

C5a

A

anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor for neutrophils

31
Q

Where does Positive selection of T cells take place?

A

Thymic cortex

32
Q

Where does Negative selection of T cells take place?

A

Thymic medulla

Step 1 immunology (3 decks)

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