Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY II > Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

majority of digestion and absorption occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the cecum extend?

A

from the pyloris of the stomach to the first part of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The duodenum is supported to the posterior abdominal wall of the…

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach?

A

Afoldofvisceral
peritoneum (serosa)
attaches it and the stomach
to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Duodenum is about ___ inches in length.

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the dudeonum has no attachments?

A

upper portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the duodenum covered by?

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the circular folds of the small intestine serve to do?

A

1) Permanent circular ridges in the mucosa to slow down flow of chyme
2) Enhance absorption by increasing the surface area and causing chyme to spiral as it passes through the S.I.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are circular folds in the entire duodenum?

A

not in the first part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the circular folds begin and end?

A

Begin in the duodenum and end gradually in the mid-portion of the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the projections within/from the circular folds?

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do villi of the mucosa do?

A

Greatly increase the surface area of the specialized epithelium available for absorption and digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Villi each contain a core of ________________.

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Within each villus, there are 4 things. What are they?

A

an arteriole, a venule, a blood capillary and a lymph capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain where the nutrients go when they are absorbed by the epithelial cells.

A

Nutrients absorbed by the epithelial cells lining the villi pass through the wall of the capillary or central lacteal to enter the blood or lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Common Bile Duct joins the…

A

pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pancreatic enters which papilla?

A

greater duodenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 types of movement in the small intestine?

A

Segmentation and migrating motility complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Localized, mixing contractions that occur in portions occupied by large volumes of chyme

Mixes chyme with digestive juices

Brings food particles in contact with the mucosa for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain the contraction that happens in segmentation.

A

Constricts intestine into segments
• Segments divide again with a second contraction of the muscle fibers lining each segment
• Finally, the muscles that initially contracted relax forming large segments again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which muscle does the segmentation contract?

A

circular muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does peristalsis begin?

A

After most of the meal is absorbed, segmentation stops and peristalsis begins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is migrating motility complex? (What happens)

A

Begins in lower portion of stomach
• Pushes chyme forward into the small intestine • The migrating motility complex (MMC) slowly
migrates down the S.I.
• MMC reaches the end of the ileum in 90-120 minutes
- Then another MMC begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

90% of absorption of food/nutrients happens where?

A

SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

10% of absorption of food/nutrients happens where?

A

Stomach and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ‘loops’ of the jejunum and ileum are suspended to the posterior abdominal wall by

A

mesentery

27
Q

When do the villi disappear?

A

As the SI continues towards the large intestine, the villi disappear until the ileum is relatively smooth

28
Q

What is the ileal content?

A

90% water and 10% waste

29
Q

When food moves into the stomach at the gastroesophageal sphincter, it causes the ileum to empty into the…

(What is this called?)

A

cecum at the ileocecal valve…

gastroileal reflex

30
Q

4 main regions of the LI are?

A

cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal.

31
Q

What are the LI functions?

A

to complete absorption, produce certain vitamins, form feces, and evacuate feces from the body

32
Q

Transverse and sigmoid colons are attached to what?

A

Mesocolon

33
Q

Whar are the 2 functions of the large intestine?

A

peristalsis and mass peristalsis

34
Q

Peristalsis of LI occurs fast or slow?

A

slow rate

35
Q

What is mass peristalsis?

A

Strong peristaltic wave that begins in the middle of the transverse colon and rapidly drives the contents into the rectum (3-4 times a day, during or right after a meal)

36
Q

Passage of chyme from the ileum into the cecum is controlled by the…

A

ileocecal sphincter (slow process)

37
Q

What is haustral churning?

A

Haustrae (later) remain relaxed until they fill up

After distension reaches a certain level, the wall contracts and pushes the contents into the next haustrae

38
Q

Vitamin B and K are made and absorbed by what?

A

Vitamin B and K are produced by bacterial products and absorbed in the colon

39
Q

What does the LI absorb?

A

Sodium, chloride and vitamin B and K

40
Q

What are the 3 variables needed for successful function?

A

Mobility, absorption of water, secretions of mucous

41
Q

Where does absorption of water take place?

A

In the cecum and ascending colon (no villi or circular folds in their mucosa)

42
Q

The LI mucosa consists of?

A

lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

43
Q

the LI epithelium contains mostly which 2 cells?

A

absorptive cells (for water absorption) and goblet cells (secrete mucous)

44
Q

Explain mobility.

A

Muscular activity in the colon consists of rapid, powerful “mass” movements. Occurs 3-4/daily especially from the transverse colon on down

45
Q

What does the haustrae coli do?

A

Move the feces through the LI by peristalsis for excretion

46
Q

After water absorption in the LI, what happens?

A

Afterwater absorption, the mucous prevents the mucous membrane from damage as the feces moves through

47
Q

Where anatomically does the sigmoir colon begin and at which vertebrae does it end?

A

begins near left iliac crest and ends at level of 3rd sacral vertebrae

48
Q

What does the sigmoid serve to do?

A

begins near left iliac crest and ends at the level of 3rd sacral vertebrae. A temporary storage area before defecation


49
Q

Rectum lies anterior to where (anatomically)?

A

Lies anterior to the sacrum and coccyx

50
Q

Which is voluntary/involuntarily: internal anal sphincter or external anal sphincter?

A

internal anal sphincter of smooth muscle (involuntary) and an external anal sphincter of skeletal muscle (voluntary)


51
Q

The submucosa of LI mimics what?

A

rest of GI tract

52
Q

LI sympathetic innervation by?

A

Sympathetic innervation from the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

53
Q

LI parasympathetic innervation by?

A

from the vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

54
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

55
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

covers some organs in the cavity and forms their serosa

56
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

thin space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum (contains serous fluid)

57
Q

Explain the greater omentum.

A
  • Two peritoneal folds from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum
    – Drapes down into the pelvic area and then folds back on itself – (now four layers)
    – Runs back cranially and attaches to the transverse colon and its mesentery
    – Helps to fight intestinal infections
    
58
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Arises as 2 folds in the serosa of the stomach and duodenum

• Suspends stomach and duodenum from the liver (later)

59
Q

Mesentery

A

Binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

60
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

61
Q

Mesocolon

A

Fold of peritoneum which binds the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

62
Q

Main supply to the SI is?

A

superior mesenteric artery (main branches are the jejunal, ileal, ileocolic arteries)

63
Q

Vessels that drain into the superior mesenteric are the..

A
  • IlealVeins
  • Jejunal Veins
  • Iliocolic vein (SI & LI)
  • RightColicVein(LI)
  • Middle Colic Vein (LI)
  • The Superior Mesenteric Vein joins with the Splenic Vein to form the Hepatic Portal Vein
64
Q

Circulation of LI

A

• Iliocolic Artery (SI & LI) – ascending colon and cecum
• Middle Colic Artery (LI) – ascending colon
• RightColicArtery(LI)–ascending colon
**All from Superior Mesenteric Artery***

The Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies the Left Colic Artery and its many branches
• Sigmoid arteries and Superior Rectal artery
• To descending and sigmoid colons and rectum

Left Colic, Sigmoid, and Superior Rectal Veins drain into the Inferior Mesenteric Vein.
• The Inferior Mesenteric Vein drains into the Splenic Vein
• The Right Colic and Iliocolic veins drain into the Superior Mesenteric vein

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions