5.5 Visual Pathways

Question 1

What layer of the retina are the rods located?

Answer 1

peripheral retina

Question 2

What layer of the retina are the cones located in?

Answer 2

macula region of the retina (central)

Question 3

What is the center of the macula called that only contains cones?

Answer 3

fovea

Question 4

What spot in the retina contains no receptors and is considered the blind spot; where optic nerve enters eye?

Answer 4

optic disc

Question 5

What is the yellowish oval area lateral to optic dis with a central depressed spot?

Answer 5

Macula lutea

Question 6

What is the most acute area of vision?

Answer 6

fovea centralis

Question 7

Which fibers cross in the optic chiasm?

Answer 7

nasal retinal fibers cross to contralateral side and head to contralateral optic tract

Question 8

What structure forms posterior to the optic chiasm?

Answer 8

optic tract

Question 9

What structure is superior to the optic chiasm?

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

Where does the optic tract project to and where do most fibers synapse?

Answer 10

thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus)

Question 11

What are the fibers exiting the LGN known as?

Answer 11

Optic radiations that extend into the visual cortex

Question 12

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 12

occipital lobe (Brodmann area 17)

Question 13

Where do the superior optic radiations terminate?

Answer 13

cuneus gyrus

Question 14

Where do the inferior optic radiations terminate?

Answer 14

lingual gyrus

Question 15

Which structure do the fibers pass through from the primary visual cortex to in the occipital lobe?

Answer 15

visual association cortex (Brodmann area 19)

Question 16

The visual association cortex receives visual feedback from the primary visual cortex and projects to the …. in the midbrain.

Answer 16

pretectal nucleus

Question 17

The pretectal nucleus projects bilaterally to what?

Answer 17

Edinger Westphal nucleus

Question 18

The Edinger Westphal nucleus gives rise to preganglion parasympathetic axons that travel via CN III to what to synapse?

Answer 18

ciliary ganglion

Question 19

Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from CN III to what?

Answer 19

sphincter pupillae to constrict pupil and ciliaris muscle to thicken lens

Question 20

What visual defect is caused by a pituitary adenoma?

Answer 20

bitemporal hemianopia (loss of half the visual field on the temporal side)

Question 21

What results from transection of left optic tract?

Answer 21

Right hemianopia (loss of vision from nasal field of left eye and temporal field of right eye)

Question 22

In temporal lobe lesions, Meyer’s loop may be affected, giving rise to visual deficit known as?

Answer 22

contralateral upper quadrantopia

Question 23

What results from transection of cuneus gyrus?

Answer 23

contralateral lower quadrantopia

Question 24

What results from transection of lingual gyrus?

Answer 24

contralateral upper quadrantopia