5.1 Cause of disease Flashcards Preview

MCB 2020 > 5.1 Cause of disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in 5.1 Cause of disease Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is disease?

A

Condition in which the presence of abnormality causes loss of normal structure and function and consequently affects health.

2
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3
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4
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5
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6
Q

What is hypoxia?

A
  • Oxygen deficiency
  • Interferes with aerobic oxidative respiration
  • Arise from Pneumonia=inadequate oxygenation
  • Blood loss anemia
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Ischemia=loss of blood supply to tissue
7
Q

What sort of chemical agents give rise to cell injury?

A
  • Poisons
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Glucose and salt alter osmotic balance
  • O2
  • Environmental agents such as pollution, lead, mercury
8
Q

What infectious agents give rise to cell injury?

A
  • Bacteria
  • VIrus
  • Fungi
  • Parasite
  • Prions are small proteinaceous infectious particles which are resistant to inactivation by most procedures that modify nucleic acids……… and underscores the requirement of a protein for infection.
9
Q

How does immunological reactions give rise to cell injury?

A
  • Immune imbalance
  • Autoimmunity
  • Hypersensitivities
  • Graft rejection
  • Immune Deficiency
10
Q

How is genetic defect a type of cell injury?

A

Congenital malformations (downs syndrome), single base mutations causing functional deficiency or protein misfolding

11
Q

How is nutritional imbalance a type of cell injury?

A
  • Deficiency
    • Malnutrition
    • Vitamins (Vitamin A, D)
  • Excess
    • Obesity
    • Type 2 diabetes
    • Hypertension
    • Hyperglyceridemia
12
Q

How are physical agents a type of cell injury?

A
  • Mechanical trauma (abrasions, contusions lacerations etc.)
  • Thermal injury (burns, hyperthermia, hypothermia)
  • Electrical injury
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Atmosphere (pressure)
13
Q

How is aging a type of cell injury?

A
  • Progressive decline in cellular function and viability.
  • Genetic factors
  • Exogenous influences
14
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