5.1 factors leading to the emergence and development of modern day sport

Question 1

Define Popular recreation.

Answer 1

Sporting activities before industrial revolution.

Question 2

list the characteristics of popular recreation.

Answer 2

violent/cruel, rural country based, natural, localised, male, organised by social status, uncodified, occassional

Question 3

Why was sport localised in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 3

limited transport and communications

Question 4

Why was sport cruel/violent in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 4

reflected society, people released daily stress whilst doing sport

Question 5

Why was sport uncodified in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 5

local to area, society is illiterate, no governing body’s

Question 6

Why was sport organised by social status in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 6

activities played where dependent on social class, lower classes played higher classes sponsored and watched.

Question 7

Why was sport rural in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 7

Before industrial revolution, britain was agricultural

Question 8

Why was sport occasional in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 8

long working hours, free time for recreation was only on holy days and annual holidays

Question 9

Why was sport natural in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 9

lack of technology, purpose built facilities

Question 10

Why was sport male in pre industrial Britain?

Answer 10

society was male dominated which reflected activities. women had restricted opportunities.

Question 11

Give examples of popular recreations.

Answer 11

archery, hunting, bare baiting, pedestrianism, pugelism (boxing), Ashbourne shrovetide football

Question 12

How did the church view popular recreation?

Answer 12

To begin with opposed sport as were against freedom and believed in prayer, quiet and hard work.
by 1800 openly criticised the drunken excess, violence linked to rational recreation and withdrew support.
Decline in participation in sport for lower classes.
post industrialisation church used sport to instil morals, increased popularity of church.

Question 13

How did landowners and aristocracy view popular recreation?

Answer 13

mob games destroyed the land and caused damage, didn’t like that working classes were not working, believed games were barbaric, opposed the violence.

Question 14

list the characteristics of rational recreation.

Answer 14

codification/ complex rules, played regionally/nationally, respectable/fair, regular, amateurism professionalism, purpose built facilities, urban, spectating and participation.

Question 15

Why were purpose built facilities made for rational recreation?

Answer 15

lack of space, industrial patronage ( sponsorship by factories)

Question 16

Why was there spectating and participation of rational recreation?

Answer 16

large population in urban areas needed entertaining

Question 16

why were there complex rules for rational recreation?

Answer 16

NGBS developed, more literate society

Question 17

Why was rational recreation respectable?

Answer 17

Emergence of new middle class, public school influence of non-violence

Question 18

why was rational recreation regional/national?

Answer 18

improved transport system (railway)

Question 19

Why was rational recreation regular?

Answer 19

increased free time, improved transport

Question 20

Why was rational recreation urban?

Answer 20

urbanisation of society

Question 21

Define industrialisation.

Answer 21

Mechanisation of the manufactoring industry

Question 22

At first ( 1800-1850) how did industrial revolution impact sports?

Answer 22

Decline in participation of sport due to an increase in working hours, poor working conditions (people ill, dying, too tired), poverty and low wages, loss of space as no purpose built facilities yet.

Question 23

What happened from 1850 onwards to sport?

Answer 23

Increased participation due to improved living conditions, change in class system, changes to free time, transport revolution.

Question 24

How did urbanisation/improved law and order affect sport after industrial revolution?

Answer 24

fewer people involved in blood sports as laws passed so people play less violent games. rise in spectatorism as there was a 'local crowd'. purpose built facilities so now starting to have specific areas to play.

Question 25

How did improved transport affect development of sport?

Answer 25

teams able to play further away, spectatorism grew, standardised rules were needed, leagues started to develop, regular fixtures.

Question 26

How did reduced working hours/improved working &living conditions lead to development of sport

Answer 26

Saturday half day act, broken time payments so people had more time off to play sports whilst being paid, factory teams created, earnings improved and hours reduced.

Question 27

How did improved literacy and media affect development of sport?

Answer 27

People can read about their team, encouraged watching and playing sport, creation of NGB's, codification. Media led to rise in spectatorism, specialists sporting newspapers were created.

Question 28

What were the characteristics of public schools?

Answer 28

boys, expanding, non-local pupils, spartan, controlled by trustees, endowed, fee paying, gentry, boarding

Question 29

What impact did boys have on sport?

Answer 29

great energy that needed channelling

Question 30

What impact did expanding have on recreation?

Answer 30

larger numbers of pupils so houses needed to be created.

Question 31

What impact did non-local pupils have on sport?

Answer 31

Regional games were adopted and adapted by individual schools to make one game.

Question 32

What impact did spartan have on sport?

Answer 32

harsh treatment prepared boys for sport.