5.1 Pathophysiology of Gastric Disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does GORD stand for?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
What is GORD?
Reflux of the stomach contents into the oesophagus
What are the symptoms of GORD?
Heartburn, coughing, wheezing, dysphagia, sore throat
What are the 4 main causes of GORD?
Obesity, lower oesophageal sphincter problems, raised intra-gastric pressure, hiatus hernia
What complications can GORD lead to?
Barretts oesophagus, strictures, oesophagitis
How can GORD be treated?
Lifestyle changes, Antacids, H2 antagonists, PPIs, surgery (rare)
What is acute gastritis?
Acute inflammation of the mucosa in the stomach
What are the main causes of acute gastritis?
NSAIDs, excess alcohol, chemotherapy, bile reflux
What are the symptoms of acute gastritis?
Often asymptomatic
Pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Bleeding
What are the main causes of chronic gastritis?
H. pylori infection
Autoimmune conditions- lack of B12
What is peptic ulcer disease?
Defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa extending through the muscularis mucosa.
List the natural defence mechanisms against peptic ulcers
Mucous layer, bicarbonate neutralises acid, mucosal blood flow, prostaglandins and mucosal renewal
What are the main causes of peptic ulcer disease?
NSAIDs, H. pylori, excess stomach acid,
What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Epigastric pain, bleeding, weight loss
What is functional dyspepsia?
Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease but no physical evidence
What investigations are done to diagnose peptic ulcer disease?
Upper GI endoscopy
Urease breath test
Blood test
Chest xray
How is peptic ulcer disease treated?
Eradicate H. pylori- antibiotics,
Stop NSAIDs
H2 blockers
What type of bacteria is H. pylori?
Gram negative bacteria
How is H. pylori transmitted?
Faecal to oral transmission
How can H. pylori survive in the stomach?
Produces urease. Urease converts urea to ammonium. The cloud of ammonium (alkali) protects the bacteria from the acidic pH of the stomach
What is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
Gastrin secreting tumour
Proliferation of parietal cells causing increase in stomach acid and therefore ulcers and metaplasia of the endothelium
What is stress ulceration?
Symptoms of gastritis following severe trauma
What are the symptoms of stomach cancer?
Weight loss, malaena, dysphagia, loos of appetite, nausea, vomiting
