L46-47 Eye Flashcards
Word for removal of eye
Enucleation
What is the uveal tract?
vascular coat including choroid, ciliary body, iris
Word for nearsighted
Myopia
Word for farsighted
Hyperopia
Define Presbyopia
loss of accommodation with advancing age
Strabismus
crossed eyes Also called a squint
What is Proptosis?
Forward displacement of one eye
What can cause Proptosis or Exophthalmus?
Lacrimal gland lesions displace eye medially and down: sarcoid, neoplasms Optic nerve tumors displace directly forward: glioma, meningioma Grave’s disease Osteoma Orbital inflammatory conditions: cellulitis, Rhizopus or Mucor infection
What to think when see metastasis to the eye?
neuroblastoma (there are others also)
Blepharitis and Blepharoconjunctivitis
Inflammation of the eyelid skin for Blepharitis and involves the conjunctiva otherwise Due to any cause
Hordeolum
Acute purulent infection of gland/hair follicle Meibomian (internal) Zeis (external)
Chalazion
Painless nodule or papule of the eyelid Chronic inflammation of the meibomian glands These are resected because DDx of sebaceous carcinoma
What is a Wen?
Epidermal inclusion cyst Rupture leads to granuloma
Name for yellow plaque on nasal aspect of eyelids
Xanthelasma Made up of lipid containing macrophages Associated with aging, lipid disorders, biliary cirrhosis
Basal Cell carcinoma
Most common malignancy of the eye May invade the orbit, most commonly on lower lid or medial canthus
Sebaceous carcinoma
Second most common malignancy of the eyelid Two forms: 1) tumor/nodule formation like a chalazion, 2) Diffuse intra-epithelial Paget-like growth thickens eyelid, resembles blepharitis or ocular cicatrical pemphigoid Metastasizes first to parotid then to submandibular Mortality 1 in 5
Syringoma
Benign skin appendage tumors, eccrine gland differentiation Familial is bilateral and diffuse, sporadic is singular or unilateral
What is Trachoma?
Causes Blindness in Asia, Africa, Middle East
Acute infectious fibrosing keratoconjunctivitis
Morphology: Trachomatous Pannus–membrane of blood vessels, lymphs w/necrotic germinal centers
Scarring opacifies cornea and distorts eyelids
Trichiasis
Trachoma where eyelashes turn in due to cicatrix or tarsal plate
Follicular conjunctivitis seen when lid everted
Pinguecula
Yellowish raised lesion of conjunctiva astride the nasal limbus of cornea but DOES NOT involve the cornea
Caused by actinic (solar) damage
Degeneration of elastin, collagen deposited
May cause corneal depression called Delle
Pterygium
Wing-like proliferation of fibrovascular tissue extending from inner canthus ONTO the cornea (different from pinguecula)
Dissects in Bowman’s Layer onto cornea to impair vision and cause astigmatism, but does not cross midline so no blindness
In adults related to sun exposure
Squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva
benign, low risk HPV
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
indolent, invasion shallow, rarely metastasizes
Malignant Melanomas of the conjunctiva
Pigmented nevi are common and no problem
Melanoma: generally unilateral, fair caucasions most risk, first have melanosis with atypia, spreads to parotid then submandibular, 25% mortality
Causes of blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta–collagen deficiency
Thinned: increased pressure from staphyloma or scleritis
Pigmented nevus beneath surface–nevus of Ota–too many melanocytes and then involves the eye
Layers of the cornea from outside to in
Epithelium
Basement membrane
Bowman’s layer (acellular)
Stroma
Descemet membrane (BM of endothelium)
Endothelium (neural crest origin)
Hypopyon
Inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye
Can be exudate from the ciliary body, iris
What causes this?
Herpetic infection leading to a dendritic ulcer
Can lead to scarring a loss of vision
Should never prescribe topical steroid unless you know they don’t have this and you are an ophthalmologist
