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Pediatrics (RM) > Test 3: Respiratory > Flashcards

Test 3: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between adult and pediatric lungs?

A

Pediatrics - focus on airways

Adults - focus on cardio

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2
Q

Children have ____ and ___ airways from trachea to bronchioles.

A

shorter (4 mm)

narrower

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3
Q

Which bronchus angle is more acute in children?

A

right bronchus

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4
Q

Lymph tissue grows until age ___.

A

12

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5
Q

T/F: Children have very small tongues.

A

false, children have LARGE tongues

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6
Q

T/F: The epiglottis is long and floppy in children.

A

True

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7
Q

Are the larynx and glottis higher or lower in the neck in children? What does this put them at risk of?

A

Higher

Risk of aspiration

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8
Q

What can happen to the cartilage in the neck due to its immaturity in children?

A

can collapse

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9
Q

Are there many functional muscles in the airway?

A

No

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10
Q

What leads to risk of edema and airway obstruction?

A

Large amounts of soft tissues and loosely anchored mucus

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11
Q

In children, the chest muscles are immature and the ribs are cartilaginous. This allows the chest wall to be ___.

A

flexible

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12
Q

Name the retraction:
Located BETWEEN ribs.
Indicates MILD distress.

A

intercostal

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13
Q

Name the retraction:
Located below the STERNUM.
Worsening distress.

A

substernal

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14
Q

Name the retraction:
Located below the RIBS.
Worsening distress.

A

subcostal

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15
Q

Name the retraction:
Located above the CLAVICLES.
Severe distress.

A

supraclavicular

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16
Q

Name the retraction:
Located above the STERNUM.
Severe distress.

A

suprasternal

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17
Q

What level of resp. distress is indicated by the involvement of the accessory muscles (SCM and traps)?

A

Severe

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18
Q

Another name for laryngotracheobronchitis is…

A

croup

19
Q

What ages are most often affected by croup?

A

1 - 3 years

20
Q

What is the most common form of croup?

A

LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis)

21
Q

What is the classic sign of LTB?

A

inspiratory stridor

22
Q

How does LTB begin?

A

simple URI for 1-2 days then infection

23
Q

LTB early symptoms?

A

stridor

barking cough

24
Q

LTB later symptoms?

A
  • inflammation of trachea and bronchi
  • hoarseness
  • mild fever
  • restlessness
  • nasal flaring
  • retractions
  • hypoxia
  • respiratory fatigue
25
Q

How is MILD croup treated?

A

at home (if no stridor at rest)…

  • oral fluids
  • cool mist humidifier (steam or cool air)
  • acetaminophen for fever
26
Q

How is SEVERE croup treated?

A

at hospital (if stridor constant)…

  • O2 / pulse ox
  • nebulized racemic epinephrine or nebulized corticosteroids
27
Q

What med is alpha-adrenergic and causes vasodilation of the mucosa?

A

racemic

28
Q

What condition is potentially life-threatening and occurs when the epiglottis swells blocking airflow into your lungs?

A

epiglottis

29
Q

Epiglottis is a medical ____! It is severe, sudden, and rapidly progressing.

A

emergency

30
Q

What is the hallmark sign of epiglottis?

A

drooling

31
Q

What ages are often affected by epiglottis?

A

3-7 years

32
Q

What are other signs of epiglottis?

A
  • very sore throat
  • refusal to swallow/cry/speak
  • tripod position
  • muffled voice
  • retractions
  • anxiety
  • fever
33
Q

How does the epiglottis appear when inflamed?

A

swollen and cherry red

34
Q

What is the “thumb sign” seen in a LATERAL x-ray?

A

when the epiglottis is swollen it appears like a thumb

35
Q

What antibiotic is often prescribed for epiglottitis?

A

methylprednisolone

36
Q

What meds often help with the inflammation of epiglottitis?

A

IV steroids

37
Q

What vaccine prevents epiglottitis?

A

Hib

38
Q

What age is most at risk for foreign body aspiration?

A

1-3 years old

39
Q

What may be the first sign that a foreign body is aspirated?

A

infection

40
Q

What determines the severity of foreign body aspiration?

A
  • size of object
  • where it’s located in lungs
  • respiratory distress
41
Q

What is done in a partial obstruction?

A

Go to ED if air is still moving

42
Q

What is ordered for a partial obstruction?

A

laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy
antibiotics
x-ray

43
Q

Signs of a foreign body in the nose…

A
  • UNIlateral nasal discharge, foul smelling
  • sneezing, discomfort
  • infection
44
Q

What are signs of infection with a foreign body in nose?

A
  • foul breath

- discharge from nose (can be bloody)

Pediatrics (RM) (27 decks)

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