Ruby Flashcards
Innate immunity consists of defenses that are _______ active against pathogens, but incapable of _________.
always active, targeting specific invaders
B-cells develop in the _________, but are activated in ______ or _____. Their major function is produce ______. They are part of the s_______, h_________ immune system.
bone barrow
activated in spleen or lymph nodes
antibodies
specific, humoral
T-cells develop in the _______, and mature in the ______. Their main functions are to ________ the immune system and directly __________. They are part of the s ______, c_______ immune system.
bone marrow
thymus
coordinate, kill infected cells
specific, cell-mediated
Granulocytes include n_______, e_________, and b_______. Agranulocytes include l__________ (____________) and m__________(m__________).
Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes (B and T-cells) and monocytes (macrophages).
Skin proves a ________ barrier and secretes _______, such as d_______s. L_____e is an enzyme present in tears and saliva. S______ _____d is an antimicrobial mechanism in the digestive system. The normal g______ f________ provides c_____, making it hard for pathogenic bacteria to grow in the gut.
physical, antimicrobial enzymes, defensins
lysozyme
stomach acid
gut flora, competition
C_____t is a set of proteins in the blood that can create h_____s in bacteria.
Complement
holes
Professional antigen-presenting cells include m________s, d_____c c___s in the s____n, some ___ cells, and certain activated e________l cells.
macrophages, dendritic cells, skin, B-cells, epithelial
MHC-I is found in all n______d cells and presents e_______s antigens, which are created ______ the cell. This is good for detection of cells with i________r pathogens, such as v_____s.
nucleated endogenous within intracellular viruses
MHC-II is found in only a______n p______g cells and presents proteins that result from digestion of e______s antigens.
antigen presenting
exogenous
Natural killer cells are activated by cells that do not present _______, such as v______y i________d cells and c______r cells.
MHC
virally infected
cancer
Neutrophils are activated by b_____a, especially those that have been o__________d (t_____d with a______y).
bacteria
opsonized
tagged
antibody
Eosinophils are activated by i_____e p_______s and a_____s.
invasive
pathogens
allergens
Basophils and m____t cells are activated by a____s.
mast
allergens
P___a cells form from b___s exposed to antigen and p_____e a________s. M_____y b_____s are also produced.
plasma
B-cells
produce antibodies
Memory B-cells
Helper T-cells c_______e the i_____e s_______m through l______s. They respond to antigen presented on M____ class___.
coordinate
immune system
lymphokines
MHC-II