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Biology 1&2 > KS 2: Adaptations for Survival > Flashcards

KS 2: Adaptations for Survival Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘tolerance range’?

A

Range of environmental conditions, which an organism can live and reproduce.

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2
Q

What 3 features are tolerance range affected by?

A

Behavioural, Structural and Physiological

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3
Q

What is a ‘limiting factor’?

A

Condition which approaches the limits of tolerance.

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4
Q

What are some ways that plants maximise water absorption?

A
  • Plants produce long roots which reach the water-table.
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5
Q

What are some ways that plants minimise water loss?

A
  • Place stomata on lower side of leaf.

- Thick cuticle which is made of water-proof material.

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6
Q

What is ‘transpiration’?

A

Loss of water vapour from plants

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7
Q

What are ‘Stomata’?

A

Openings on the surface of leaves, through which water and carbon dioxide can move.

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8
Q

What is a ‘phyllode’?

A

Leaf like structure, gained from the stem of a leaf.

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9
Q

How do phyllodes help to reduce water?

A
  • They have few Stomata.

- Have large central cells that store water.

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10
Q

What are ‘Cladodes’?

A

Fine branches that carry out photosynthesis in species which few leaves.

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11
Q

How does saltbush survive in salty areas?

A

Excrete salt through leaves, which reflect sunlight, reducing temperature.

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12
Q

What are some successful examples of biomimicry?

A

Burrs - Velcro
Shark Scales - Boats
Lotus Leaves - Paint

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13
Q

What is ‘Biomimicry’?

A

The design and production of structures/systems/materials based on biological processes or entities.

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14
Q

How do some animals survive in the cold?

A

Produce ‘antifreeze’ substance which is mixed in the water within cells, to increase the temperature that it will freeze at

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15
Q

What 3 features help mammals survive under water?

A
  • Store lots of oxygen in lungs.
  • Have more Red Blood Cells, which move oxygen around body.
  • Layer of fat/blubber for insulation.
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16
Q

How do plants overcome cold conditions?

A

Ice forms in spaces between cells, so water moves from the cells to ice crystals via osmosis.

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17
Q

What does ‘maladaptive’ mean?

A

An organism which hasn’t adapted properly to suit its environment.

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18
Q

Where is ‘intracellular fluid’ found?

A

Inside cells

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19
Q

Where is ‘plasma’ found?

A

Liquid part of blood

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20
Q

Where is ‘interstitial fluid’ found?

A

Space between cells and plasma membranes

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21
Q

What is ‘metabolic water’?

A

Water obtained as a product from chemical reactions.

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22
Q

What is ‘heat loss’?

A

When body temperature is greater then external temperature.

23
Q

What is ‘heat gain’?

A

When external temperature is greater than body temperature.

24
Q

What is ‘heat regulation via radiation’?

A

No physical contact (sun)

25
Q

What is ‘heat regulation via convection’?

A

Mass movement of air/water (air conditioner)

26
Q

What is ‘heat regulation via conduction’?

A

Direct physical contact

27
Q

Where is the hypothalamus found?

A

Brain

28
Q

What is ‘homeostasis’?

A

Maintaining of internal environment (involves negative feedback mechanisms)

29
Q

What is meant by therm ‘endothermic’?

A

Body temperature from internal metabolic rates

30
Q

What is meant by the term ‘exothermic’?

A

Body temperature gained from external sources

31
Q

What is ‘thermoregulation’?

A

Temperature kept constant balance between loss and gain (homeostatic regulation).

32
Q

What is the order of homeostatic feedback loops?

A

Stimulus, Receptor, Control Centre, Effector, Response

33
Q

What is a ‘negative feedback’?

A

Response which feeds back to counteract change in variable

34
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms?

A

Negative: mechanisms activated to reverse change.

Positive: increases deviation from normal.

35
Q

What is ‘osmoregulation’?

A

The regulation of body fluids

36
Q

What 3 things effect osmoregulation?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
37
Q

What isn’t produced in type 1 diabetes?

A

Insulin

38
Q

What is ‘hyperglycaemia’?

A

High blood glucose level

39
Q

What is ‘hypoglycaemia’?

A

Low blood glucose level

40
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Moves glucose into cells

41
Q

What happens without insulin?

A

Glucose remains in blood.

42
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine

43
Q

What does thyroxine do?

A

Affects metabolic rate

44
Q

What is ‘hyperthyroidism’?

A

Over-active thyroid gland

45
Q

What is ‘hypothyroidism’?

A

Under-active thyroid gland

46
Q

What is ‘species diversity’?

A

Variety of species in particular habitat.

47
Q

What is ‘genetic diversity’?

A

Variety of genes within a species

48
Q

What is ‘ecosystem diversity’?

A

Variety of environments

49
Q

What is the first part of the linneus binomial system?

A

Genus name (uppercase)

50
Q

What is the second part of the linneus binomial system?

A

Species name (lowercase)

51
Q

Whats the order of biological classification?

mnemonic

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Dumb King Phillip Crawled Over Four Gooey Snails

52
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

mnemonic

A

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plante, Animalia

Mrs, Pennings, Finds, Pencils, Annoying

53
Q

What is a cladistic?

A

Method used to identify whether organisms should be in a genus, family or order.

54
Q

What is a derived feature?

A

An advanced feature evolved over time which is only found in certain members.

Biology 1&2 (5 decks)

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