Urogenital

Question 1

Which structures can we find in the suspentory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 1

Ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerve plexus

(branch of abdominal aorta)

The suspensory ligament originates from the mesonephros, which, in turn, originates from intermediate mesoderm.

Question 2

Male urethra can be divided into which parts?

Answer 2

Intramural
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

Question 3

What forms the ejaculary duct?

Answer 3

Common duct for vas deferens and seminal vesicle on the seminal colliculus and the prostatic ducts on each side.

Question 4

Where are the 3 constrictors of the urethra in male?

Answer 4

Internal urethral orifice
Membranous urethra
External urethral orifice.

Question 5

What is the broad ligament of the uterus and which parts does it consists of?

Answer 5

he broad ligament of the uterus is the wide fold of peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.

3 parts:
Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ovaries.
Mesometrium- the mesentery of the uterus; the largest portion of the broad ligament
Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the Fallopian tube

Question 6

How many facias surrounds the kidneys (primary ones)?

Answer 6

1: Fibrous capsule
2: Perinephric fat
3: Renal facia of Gerota (anterior surface of the kidneys)
Can be divided into Tolds fascia on its anterior surface and Zuckerkandl`s fascia behind the aorta and IVC.

Question 7

What is the correct order of structures in the renal hilium from ventral to dorsal?

Answer 7

VAP
Vein
Artery
Renal pelvis (urether)

Question 8

How many major and minor calyx do we have per kidnet pelvis?

Answer 8

1 pelvis -> 3 major calyx -> each have 3-4 each (9-12 in total) minor calices.

Question 9

Crossings of the ureter

Answer 9

OUOU

1: Over the psoas major
2: Under the gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian)
3: Over the common iliac artery
4: Under vas deferens (M) or uterine artery (F)

Question 10

What are the layers of the scrotum? From inner to outer

Answer 10

(0: Tunica albuginea)
1: Tunica vaginalis (viceral and parietal layer)
2: Spermatic fascia (“internal spermatic fascia” - from fascia transversalis)
3: Cremaster muscle (transversalis and internal oblique muscle)
4: Cremasteric fascia (“external spermatic fascia” - aponeurosis of external oblique muscle)
5: Dartos fascia (supeficial abdominal fasica)
6: Skin

Question 11

What is the difference between corpus cavernoseus and corpus spongiosium?

Answer 11

The corpus spongiosum is the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis

A corpus cavernosum penis (cavernous body of the penis) is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue, which contain most of the blood in the penis during an erection. Such a corpus is homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis in the female; the body of the clitoris contains erectile tissue in a pair of corpora cavernosa.

Question 12

What are the 3 parts of corpus spongiosum?

Answer 12

Bulb, body (corpora) and glans penis

Question 13

What do corpus cavernosum have that corpus spongiosum does not? (HINT: erection!)

Answer 13

Tunica albuginea

Question 14

What separates the two corpus cavernosus?

Answer 14

Septum pectiniforme

Question 15

How is the angle of the uterus, and what does this angles mean?

Answer 15

Anteversion: Acis of the vagina and cervix have an angle. 70-80 degrees

Anteflexsion: Axis of the body and the cervix of the uterus have an angle.

Question 16

What is the content and coverings of the spermatic cord?

Answer 16

The anatomical course of the spermatic cord is relatively short, beginning in the inferior abdomen and ending in the scrotum.

The spermatic cord is formed at the opening of the inguinal canal, known as the deep inguinal ring. This opening is located laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Coverings:

1: External spermatic fascia – derived from the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
2: Cremaster muscle and fascia – derived from the internal oblique and its fascial coverings
3: Internal spermatic fascia – derived from the transversalis fascia.

Content:

1: Ductus deferens + artery to ductus deference
2: Testicular artery
3: Pampiniform plexus (cool down the ductus deference=
4: Testicular plexus
5: Deferential plexus (sensory)
6: Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
7: Tunica vaginalis (remains of the processus vaginalis)
8: ilio-inguinal nerve not inside spermatic cord, but runs along the outside.

Question 17

Scrotum has some features and shit. Give me some

Answer 17

Scrotal septum: Separates the two sides
Raphe of scrotum: Seam-like line on the skin where the labiscrotal swellings fuse. Continues as the raphe of the penis and dorsally as the perineal raphe
Scrotal ligament: remnant of the gubernaculum. attaches the inferior pole of the testies and the tail of the epididymis to the floor of the scrotum.

Question 18

Vascular supply of the dick

Answer 18

Dorsal artery of the penis - Skin and gland of the penis
Deep artery of the penis - inside corpus cavernosum
Urethral artery - inside the coprus spongiosium

Question 19

Internal and external urethral spincter is composed of which kind of muscle?

Answer 19

Smooth and skeletal, respectively -> We can control the external one

Question 20

What forms the urogenital floor (Urogenital diaphragm)?

Answer 20

Perineal membrane, deep and superficial transverse perineal muscle + ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
External urethral sphincter is located deeply.

Question 21

What is the borders of the urogenital triangle?

Answer 21

Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberositas

Contains pelvic floor and perineal muscles

Question 22

What is the borders of the anal triangle?

Answer 22

Posterior to the urogenital triangle

Between the ischial tuberosititas and coccyx

No perineal muscles here

Question 23

What forms the pelvic floor?

Answer 23

Coccygeus and levator ani

Levator ani can be dividen into 3 parts;

1: Spincther vaginae (F) or Levator prostate (Pubococcygeus muscle)
2: Puborectalis
3: Iliococcygeus

Question 24

Which structures support the uterus?

Answer 24

cardial ligament (“transverse cervical ligament”)
pubocervical ligament
uterosacral ligament

Question 25

Which muscles are associated with corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum?

Answer 25

Ischiocarvarnoseus

Bulbospongiosus

Question 26

Which structures attaches to the perineal membrane (in male)?

Answer 26

Deep side: Deep transverse perineal muscle and spinchter uretrae (external spinchter of the urethra), bulbourethral gland of Cowper (in male)

Superficial: superficial transverse perineal muscle, corpus spongiosum, bulbospongiosus, corpus carvernosum, ischiocavernosus.
(deep perineal fascia covers these structures: fuse with the perineal membrane, clinical importance!)

Vagina (in female) and urethra pierce this membrane

Question 27

Content of pudendal canal (Alcock`s canal)

Answer 27

1: Internal pudendal artery
2: Internal pudendal veins
3: Pudendal nerve

These vessels and nerve cross the pelvic surface of the obturator internus.