Second Semester Finalé Flashcards
Hitler invaded this country which was one cause of WWII
Poland
Lighting war, typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
blitzkrieg
a military strategy of burning or destroying buildings, crops, or other resources that might be of use to an invading enemy force.
Scorched Earth Policy
(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.
Kristallnacht
Japanese attacked US fleet in Hawaii causing USA to enter WW2 December 7th 1941
Pearl Harbor attack
A mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians, carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before and during World War II.
Holocaust
laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars.
US Neutrality Acts
Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944
D-Day
WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan. The US took control of numerous Pacific islands to get close enough to Japan to attack.
Island Hopping
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
Battle of Midway
A Pacific battle that lasted six weeks, where several thousand U.S. Marines, and more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were killed; notable for the famous photograph of U.S. marines raising the American flag on Mt. Suribachi.
Battle of Iwo Jima
Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher
Navajo Code Talkers
famous segregated unit of African-American pilots
Tuskegee airmen
City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.
HIroshima
2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion
Executive Order 9066
A U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II
Marshall Plan
Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
Berlin Airlift
(HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations
Iron Curtain
Dividing line between North and South Korea
38th Parallel
Coined by George Kennan; urged the US to keep communism from spreading
Containment
The state of Israel is created and recognized world wide.
Israel 1948
(1950-3) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Gen. Douglas Macarthur led UN forces and was later replaced by Gen. Ridgeway; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.
Korean War
Areas of living outside the cities where middle-class families went to live to escape the polarities of the city
Suburbs
1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
(JFK) , In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.
Bay of Pigs
(JFK) , , an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later, on condition that US doesn’t invade Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.
Sputnik
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
Berlin Wall
drills in which students were urged to DUCK under their desks and COVER their heads to protect themselves from the dangerous debris and radiation associated with a nuclear detonation.
duck and cover drills
1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov’t, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; “McCarthyism” was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists
Joseph McCarthy
Refers to the dramatic post-World War II increased birth rate during which an estimated 78.3 million Americans were born.
Baby Boom
southern state laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites (grandfather clause, poll tax, literacy tests, separate but equal, etc)
Jim Crow laws
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Plessy v Ferguson
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Brown v Board of Education
Civil Rights Leader. Born in Atlanta. Developed a non-violent approach to social change after studying others like Gandhi. Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Gave the “I have a Dream Speech” at the March of Washington
Martin Luther King Jr
protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at “whites only” lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
Sit-ins
a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961
Freedom Rides
Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings.
Americans with Disabilities Act
A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.
Black Panthers
1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims’ most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalist impulses to achieve true independence and equality
Malcolm X
a group of nine African American students who began the integration of the Little Rock, Arkansas, public school system
Little Rock Nine
(LBJ) , United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)
Rosa Parks
Governor of Arkansas at the time of the Crisis at Little Rock.
Orville Faubus
fourteen year old boy from Chicago murdered in Mississippi in August, 1954 for “flirting” with a white woman; open casket funeral mobilizes the black community, shocks, and unifies them (shown in Jet Magazine)
Emmett Till
Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
Medgar Evers
The first African American student at the University of Mississippi.
James Meredith
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
