Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Auricle (Labels)

A
  • Surrounds the auditory canal opening

- “Eat” part

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2
Q

Auditory Canal (External Acoustic Meatus) (Labels)

A
  • Narrow chamber in the temporal bone
  • Lined with skin and ceruminous (wax) glands
  • Ends at the tympanic membrane
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3
Q

Tympanic Membrane (Labels)

A
  • Hit w/ sound waves from auditory canal

- Vibrates w/ sound hits

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4
Q

Hammer (Malleus) (Labels)

A
  • Sends vibration from eardrum to anvil

- Part of the ossicles

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5
Q

Anvil (Incus) (Labels)

A
  • Sends vibration to stirrup

- Part of the ossicles

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6
Q

Stirrup (Stapes) (Labels)

A
  • Sends vibration to the inner ear

- Part of the ossicles

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7
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Labels)

A
  • both hearing and balance and brings information from the inner ear to the brain
  • A human’s sense of equilibrium is determined by this nerve
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8
Q

Semicircular Canals (Labels)

A

-Responds to rotational movements (angular acceleration)

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9
Q

Oval Window (Labels)

A
  • Opening in the middle ear

- Release pressure in the ear

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10
Q

Cochlea (Labels)

A
  • cavity of the inner ear resembling a snail shell

- houses the hearing receptor

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11
Q

Vestibule (Labels)

A
  • Between semicircular canal & cochlea

- Responds to changes in the position with respect to gravity

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12
Q

Round Window (Labels)

A
  • Opening in the middle ear

- Release pressure in ear

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13
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube (Labels)

A
  • tube that connects the middle ear and the pharynx

- allows pressure to be equalized on both sides of the eardrum

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14
Q

Trace Sound Through the Ear

A
  • Auricle(pinna)
    • Auditory Canal
    • Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)
    • Malleus
    • Incus
    • Stapes
    • Semicircular canals
    • Vestibule
    • Cochlea
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15
Q

Outer Ear

A
  • Auricle

- Auditory Canal

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16
Q

Middle Ear

A
  • Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)
  • Anvil (Incus)
  • Hammer (malleus)
  • Stirrup (Stapes)
17
Q

Inner Ear

A
  • Semicircular Canal
  • Cochlea
  • Vestibule
18
Q

Organ of Corti

A
  • Located within the cochlea
    - Receptors = hair cells on the basilar membrane
    - Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells
    - Cochlear nerve attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe
19
Q

Mechanisms of Hearing

A
  • Vibrations from sound waves move tectorial membrane
  • Hair cells are bent by the membrane
  • An action potential starts in the cochlear nerve
  • Continued stimulation can lead to adaptation
20
Q

Organs of Equilibrium

A
  • Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called the vestibular apparatus
    • Vestibular apparatus has two functional parts
      • Static
      • Dynamic
21
Q

Static Equilibrium (Nonmoving)

A
  • Maculae—receptors in the vestibule
    - Report on the position of the head
    - Send information via the vestibular nerve
  • Anatomy of the maculae
    - Hair cells are embedded in the otolithic membrane
    - Otoliths (tiny stones) float in a gel around the hair cells
    - Movements cause otoliths to bend the hair cells
22
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A
  • Crista ampullaris—receptors in the semicircular canals
    - Tuft of hair cells
    - Cupula (gelatinous cap) covers the hair cells
          - Action of angular head movements
              - The cupula stimulates the hair cells
              - An impulse is sent via the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum
23
Q

The Ear

A
  • Houses two senses
    • Hearing
    • Equilibrium (balance)
  • Receptors are mechanoreceptors
  • Different organs house receptors for each sense