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histo 2 > travers 1 > Flashcards

travers 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of a mucous membrane?

A

epithelium and connective tissue

CT = lamina propria, submucosa

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2
Q

Where would you find minor salivary glands

A

mostly in submucosa

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3
Q

What are the major functions of the oral mucosa

A

physical barrier
anti-microbial
ingestion
sensation

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4
Q

How do epithelial cells exert an anti-microbial effect

A

they produce beta defensins

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5
Q

How do beta defensins work

A

they are cysteine rich (positively charged) and bind to negatively charged bacterial walls and lyse them

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6
Q

What type of sensations can the oral mucosa detect that the PDL and pulp cannot

A

thermal

taste

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7
Q

T/F: The oral mucosa always has two types of tissue: epithelium and connective tissue

A

T

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8
Q

T/F: All oral epithelium is stratified squamous.

A

T

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9
Q

Rank the turnover times from fastest to slowest:

Gut
Taste buds
gingiva
skin
junctional epithelium
cheek
A
  1. Junctional epi
  2. Gut
  3. taste buds
  4. cheek
  5. gingiva
  6. skin
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10
Q

what is the most numerous cell type in the oral mucosa epithelium

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the function and location of merkel cells

A

sensory

basal layers

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12
Q

What is the function and location of melanocyte cells

A

pigment cells

basal layers

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13
Q

What is the function and location of langerhans cells

A

immune

supra basal layers

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14
Q

What two cells appear “clear”? Which would you except to find in supra basal layers?

A

melanocytes

langerhans - supra basal

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15
Q

What two layers to keratinized and non K have in common?

A

basal layer and prickle cell layer

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16
Q

Which has a granular layer: K or NK?

A

keratinized

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17
Q

Where would you expect to find keratinized epithelium?

A

gingiva and hard palate

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18
Q

Where would you expect to find non keratinized epithelium?

A

buccal mucosa, soft palate, alveolar mucosa

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19
Q

What do all keratinocytes contain?

A

cytokeratins

each cell makes at least one of each type: type I (acidic) and II (basic)

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20
Q

What is the function of cytokeratins?

A

assemble into intermediate filaments to provide cytoskeletal support

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21
Q

What is the structure of a cytokeratin?

A

a type I and type II assemble into a coiled heterodimer

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22
Q

What is the strongest cytoskeletal element?

A

intermediate filaments

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23
Q

What intracellular components are created by intermediate filaments?

A

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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24
Q

What happens if you have a mutation in your cytokeratin genes?

A

epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)

blistering in response to minor trauma

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25
Q

How are different cytokeratins expressed?

A

different layers of epithelium express different cytokeratins

different epithelial tissues express different cytokeratins

expression can change with disease state

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26
Q

Do different cytokeratins determine whether epithelium is keratinized or non keratinized?

A

contributes to differentiation but NOT only determinant

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27
Q

between K and NK:

tougher?
more flexible?
impermeable?

A

tougher = keratinized
more flexible = NK
more impermeable = keratinzed

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28
Q

How does keratinized epithelium change as it matures? (gets closer to surface)

A

cytokeratin content increases

cytokeratins aggregate into tonofibrils, aided by molecules in keratokyalin granules

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29
Q

What do cells in the most superficial layers of keratinized epithelium look like?

A

very flat cells. dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin (tonofibril) /fillagrin complexes

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30
Q

How does the intercellular permeability barrier work in keratinized epithelium

A

membrane coating granules are synthesized in prickle layer, these release lipids that coat cells to form a intercellular barrier

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31
Q

How does the paracellular permeability barrier work in keratinized epithelium

A

the granular layer thickens a ton, transformed into a cornified envelop with lots of cross linking

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32
Q

How does NON keratinized epithelium change as it matures? (gets closer to surface)

A

cytokeratin content increases

cytokeratins stay separate or gather into small bundles (NOT tonofibrils)

superficial layers are flattened but retain organelles

33
Q

Does NK epithelium have keratohylalin granules?

A

NO–no tonofibrils are created in NK

34
Q

How does the intercellular permeability barrier work in NON keratinized epithelium

A

membrane coating granules are synthesized in prickle layer, these release lipids that coat cells to form a intercellular barrier

however the granules are a little different than keratinized and not as impermeable

35
Q

How does the paracellular permeability barrier work in NON keratinized epithelium

A

superficial layers thicken but do NOT form corn envelope

36
Q

What is parakeratinized epithelium?

A

an intermediate btw K and NK

has a granular layer, but cells on surface retain nucleus

may be a result of inflammation

37
Q

If you see a large space between the granular layer and keratinized layer whats going on with that

A

incomplete keratinization

38
Q

What abnormality would you expect to see on a smoker’s palate

A

hyperkeratinization

39
Q

What makes up most of the volume of the lamina propria

A

ECM

40
Q

What cells are present in the lamina propria

A

fibroblasts (most numerous)

macrophages, mast cells, other inflammatory shit

41
Q

What makes up the ECM of the LP

A

PGs, GAGs
fibronectin (link cellular and extracellular structures)
type I and III collagen
elastin

42
Q

Would you expect a very flexible area (like the buccal mucosa) to have more type I or III collagen?

A

as you move from hard to soft, type III increases

there would be a lot of type III in buccal mucosa

43
Q

Which has more elastic fibers: the PDL/pulp or oral mucosa

A

oral mucosa

44
Q

Where are microfibrils located

A

surrounding elastin fibers

45
Q

What are rete pegs?

A

the saw tooth pattern of epithelium that goes down into the LP

46
Q

What are the two layers of the LP

A

papillary (curvy near epithelium)

reticular

47
Q

Why is the border btw the LP and epithelium convoluted

A

to resist shear forces

48
Q

What type of rete pegs are in the gingiva

A

long, thin to resist the large amounts of shear forces

49
Q

What causes the stippled look of gingiva/

A

rete pegs and connective tissue papilla

50
Q

T/F: All oral epithelium has a submucosa layer

A

false

51
Q

What separates the LP from bone and muscle?

A

submucosa

52
Q

Where is there no submucosa?

A

the tongue (direct LP-muscle)

gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe (direct LP-bone)

53
Q

What is mucoperiosteum?

A

a direct connection between bone and LP

gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe

54
Q

What are the specializations of the oral mucosa?

A

lining (60%)
masticatory
specialized

55
Q

Where would you find specialized mucosa?

A

dorsal tongue, vermillion border of lip

56
Q

Is lining mucosa K or NK

A

NK

57
Q

What is the LP of lining mucosa

A

fewer collagen, more elastin

58
Q

What do the papillae of lining mucosa look like

A

short, broad

59
Q

Is there usually a submucosa present in lining mucosa

A

yes

60
Q

What are the clinical implications for lining mucosa

A

incisions will gape

injections less painful

61
Q

What mucosa is on the dorsal/ventral parts of the tongue

A

dorsal: specialized
ventral: lining

62
Q

Are there sweat/mucous glands on the vermillion zone of the lip

A

no

63
Q

Is masticatory mucosa K or NK

A

K

64
Q

What is the LP of masticatory mucosa

A

dense

more collagen, less elastin

65
Q

What do the papillae of masticatory mucosa look like

A

long, thin, consecutive

66
Q

Is there usually a submucosa present in masticatory mucosa

A

variable: not present in:

rugae region
along midline raphe
adjacent to gingiva
gingiva

67
Q

What are the clinical implications for masticatory mucosa

A

incisions dont gape

injections more painful

68
Q

What is the sulcular epithelium

A

part of free gingiva that faces tooth, normally NK

69
Q

What is the junctional epithelium doing

A

forms seal with tooth tissue

70
Q

How would you know you’re looking at JE in a section?

A

straight basement membrane

71
Q

Does JE have tonofilaments/desmosomes?

A

NO

highly permeable

subject to irritation

72
Q

What are the two basal lamina of JE

A

external (JE/LP)
internal (JE/tooth)

internal has integrin, laminin, NO type IV and VII collagen

73
Q

How do we know the JE comes from the REE?

A

it expresses a protein initially associated with ameloblasts (ODAM)

74
Q

What is unique about the internal basal lamina of JE?

A

no collagen components present

75
Q

What do collagen components in the external basal lamina of the JE do

A

provide direct connection to collagen of LP

76
Q

What is the ‘col’ characterized by

A

JE

77
Q

Can JE regenerate?

A

yes, relatively rapidly and can occur around dental implants

78
Q

What is the vascular supply of the gingiva?

A

from PDL, interdental septa and oral mucosa

histo 2 (8 decks)

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