travers 1 Flashcards by carrie mathison

What are the two components of a mucous membrane?

epithelium and connective tissue

CT = lamina propria, submucosa

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Where would you find minor salivary glands

mostly in submucosa

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What are the major functions of the oral mucosa

physical barrier
anti-microbial
ingestion
sensation

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How do epithelial cells exert an anti-microbial effect

they produce beta defensins

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How do beta defensins work

they are cysteine rich (positively charged) and bind to negatively charged bacterial walls and lyse them

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What type of sensations can the oral mucosa detect that the PDL and pulp cannot

thermal

taste

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T/F: The oral mucosa always has two types of tissue: epithelium and connective tissue

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T/F: All oral epithelium is stratified squamous.

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Rank the turnover times from fastest to slowest:

Gut
Taste buds
gingiva
skin
junctional epithelium
cheek

Junctional epi
Gut
taste buds
cheek
gingiva
skin

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what is the most numerous cell type in the oral mucosa epithelium

keratinocytes

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What is the function and location of merkel cells

sensory

basal layers

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What is the function and location of melanocyte cells

pigment cells

basal layers

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What is the function and location of langerhans cells

immune

supra basal layers

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What two cells appear “clear”? Which would you except to find in supra basal layers?

melanocytes

langerhans - supra basal

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What two layers to keratinized and non K have in common?

basal layer and prickle cell layer

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Which has a granular layer: K or NK?

keratinized

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Where would you expect to find keratinized epithelium?

gingiva and hard palate

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Where would you expect to find non keratinized epithelium?

buccal mucosa, soft palate, alveolar mucosa

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What do all keratinocytes contain?

cytokeratins

each cell makes at least one of each type: type I (acidic) and II (basic)

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What is the function of cytokeratins?

assemble into intermediate filaments to provide cytoskeletal support

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What is the structure of a cytokeratin?

a type I and type II assemble into a coiled heterodimer

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What is the strongest cytoskeletal element?

intermediate filaments

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What intracellular components are created by intermediate filaments?

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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What happens if you have a mutation in your cytokeratin genes?

epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)

blistering in response to minor trauma

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How are different cytokeratins expressed?

different layers of epithelium express different cytokeratins different epithelial tissues express different cytokeratins expression can change with disease state

Do different cytokeratins determine whether epithelium is keratinized or non keratinized?

contributes to differentiation but NOT only determinant

between K and NK: tougher? more flexible? impermeable?

tougher = keratinized more flexible = NK more impermeable = keratinzed

How does keratinized epithelium change as it matures? (gets closer to surface)

cytokeratin content increases cytokeratins aggregate into tonofibrils, aided by molecules in keratokyalin granules

What do cells in the most superficial layers of keratinized epithelium look like?

very flat cells. dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin (tonofibril) /fillagrin complexes

How does the intercellular permeability barrier work in keratinized epithelium

membrane coating granules are synthesized in prickle layer, these release lipids that coat cells to form a intercellular barrier

How does the paracellular permeability barrier work in keratinized epithelium

the granular layer thickens a ton, transformed into a cornified envelop with lots of cross linking

How does NON keratinized epithelium change as it matures? (gets closer to surface)

cytokeratin content increases cytokeratins stay separate or gather into small bundles (NOT tonofibrils) superficial layers are flattened but retain organelles

Does NK epithelium have keratohylalin granules?

NO--no tonofibrils are created in NK

How does the intercellular permeability barrier work in NON keratinized epithelium

membrane coating granules are synthesized in prickle layer, these release lipids that coat cells to form a intercellular barrier however the granules are a little different than keratinized and not as impermeable

How does the paracellular permeability barrier work in NON keratinized epithelium

superficial layers thicken but do NOT form corn envelope

What is parakeratinized epithelium?

an intermediate btw K and NK has a granular layer, but cells on surface retain nucleus may be a result of inflammation

If you see a large space between the granular layer and keratinized layer whats going on with that

incomplete keratinization

What abnormality would you expect to see on a smoker's palate

hyperkeratinization

What makes up most of the volume of the lamina propria

ECM

What cells are present in the lamina propria

fibroblasts (most numerous) macrophages, mast cells, other inflammatory shit

What makes up the ECM of the LP

PGs, GAGs fibronectin (link cellular and extracellular structures) type I and III collagen elastin

Would you expect a very flexible area (like the buccal mucosa) to have more type I or III collagen?

as you move from hard to soft, type III increases there would be a lot of type III in buccal mucosa

Which has more elastic fibers: the PDL/pulp or oral mucosa

oral mucosa

Where are microfibrils located

surrounding elastin fibers

What are rete pegs?

the saw tooth pattern of epithelium that goes down into the LP

What are the two layers of the LP

papillary (curvy near epithelium) | reticular

Why is the border btw the LP and epithelium convoluted

to resist shear forces

What type of rete pegs are in the gingiva

long, thin to resist the large amounts of shear forces

What causes the stippled look of gingiva/

rete pegs and connective tissue papilla

T/F: All oral epithelium has a submucosa layer

false

What separates the LP from bone and muscle?

submucosa

Where is there no submucosa?

the tongue (direct LP-muscle) gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe (direct LP-bone)

What is mucoperiosteum?

a direct connection between bone and LP gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region, median raphe

What are the specializations of the oral mucosa?

lining (60%) masticatory specialized

Where would you find specialized mucosa?

dorsal tongue, vermillion border of lip

Is lining mucosa K or NK

What is the LP of lining mucosa

fewer collagen, more elastin

What do the papillae of lining mucosa look like

short, broad

Is there usually a submucosa present in lining mucosa

yes

What are the clinical implications for lining mucosa

incisions will gape | injections less painful

What mucosa is on the dorsal/ventral parts of the tongue

dorsal: specialized ventral: lining

Are there sweat/mucous glands on the vermillion zone of the lip

Is masticatory mucosa K or NK

What is the LP of masticatory mucosa

dense more collagen, less elastin

What do the papillae of masticatory mucosa look like

long, thin, consecutive

Is there usually a submucosa present in masticatory mucosa

variable: not present in: rugae region along midline raphe adjacent to gingiva gingiva

What are the clinical implications for masticatory mucosa

incisions dont gape | injections more painful

What is the sulcular epithelium

part of free gingiva that faces tooth, normally NK

What is the junctional epithelium doing

forms seal with tooth tissue

How would you know you're looking at JE in a section?

straight basement membrane

Does JE have tonofilaments/desmosomes?

NO highly permeable subject to irritation

What are the two basal lamina of JE

external (JE/LP) internal (JE/tooth) internal has integrin, laminin, NO type IV and VII collagen

How do we know the JE comes from the REE?

it expresses a protein initially associated with ameloblasts (ODAM)

What is unique about the internal basal lamina of JE?

no collagen components present

What do collagen components in the external basal lamina of the JE do

provide direct connection to collagen of LP

What is the 'col' characterized by

Can JE regenerate?

yes, relatively rapidly and can occur around dental implants

What is the vascular supply of the gingiva?

from PDL, interdental septa and oral mucosa

travers 1 Flashcards

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