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Nursing > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

tablets

A

drug + substance to bind drug + filler (bulk) + disintegrator (dissolves in body)

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2
Q

Enteric-coated

A

unaffected by acid in stomach → disintegration takes place in SI
- useful for drugs which irritate the stomach

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3
Q

capsules

A

enclosed in gelatine shell → disintegration takes place in stomach

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4
Q

sustained-released preparation

A

released slowly into GIT over extended period

- prepared in layers

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5
Q

oral liquid

A

mixtures/suspension

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6
Q

drops

A 
ear = oily
nose = water
eye = water/oily based
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7
Q

cream and ointment

A 
creams = aq
ointments = lipid based
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8
Q

sublingual/buccal

A

susceptible to breakdown by liver enz/gastric juices

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9
Q

suppository

A

solid→liquifies at body temp → abs through rectal mucosa & BV

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10
Q

enemas

A

liquid preparations for rectal admin

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11
Q

pharmocokinetics

A

ADME

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12
Q

absorption

A

movement across membrane

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13
Q

distribution

A

vd, bioavailability (how much drug available for use after abs)
(iv gives 100% bioava)

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14
Q

metabolism

A

phase 1 - make drugs bioavailable
phase 2 - active drugs become inactive and excreted
- lipophilic → converts to hydrophilic compound
- BUT could also be used to activate drugs

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15
Q

elimination

A

excretion (urine/faeces)

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16
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

actions of drug

  • affinity and efficacy
  • increase dose and increase AE
17
Q

drug abs - oral

A

movement from mouth to blood

- abs in SI → simple lipid diffusion

18
Q

factors affecting drug abs

A

content GIT
chem property of drug
SA of gut and GIT
molecular size and weight

19
Q

bioavailability

A

amount of active drug enters plasma

20
Q

steps of drug distribution

A
  • driven by blood circulation

- dilution in blood → move to ECF → uptake into cell

21
Q

factors affecting drug distribution

A

ability to cross endothelium

protein binding

22
Q

factors affecting drug metabolism

A

genetics, age, disease, smoking, interactions

23
Q

drug interactions outside body

A

GTN oxidises in air

Asprin hydrolyses to acetic acid + salicylic acid from moisture

24
Q

drug interactions inside body

A

grapefruit juice interacts with drugs

25
Q

steady-state level

A

drug given repeatedly at fixed dose intervals

26
Q

Drug schedule 1 (DS1)

A

no longer used

27
Q

DS2

A

pharmacy medicine

28
Q

DS3

A

pharmacist only

29
Q

DS4

A

prescription only

30
Q

DS5

A

household substances

31
Q

DS6

A

poisons

32
Q

DS7

A

dangerous poison

33
Q

DS8

A

controlled drugs

34
Q

DS9

A

prohibited substances

35
Q

DS11

A

drugs of dependence

Nursing (14 decks)

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