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Acupuncture 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine is released from what type of allergic reaction

A

Type 1

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2
Q

What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immnunity?

A

Innate is activated first, complement and physiological barriers are always present. Innate uses neutrophils, APC like macrophages & NK cells. Innate is nonspecific & quick.

Adaptive is delayed and uses T cells & B cells

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3
Q

Bcells activate ___ which activate ___ which produce ____

A

Th2 CD4
Bcells
Antibodies

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4
Q

Macrophages activate ___ which activate ___ which then

A

Th1 CD4 T cells
macrophage
phagocytose

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5
Q

Unlike Th2 CD4 and Th1 CD4 Tcell, CD8 fights

A

viruses via apoptosis

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6
Q

Dendritic cells go to the

A

lymph nodes and activate the adaptive immune system

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7
Q

Monocyte vs macrophage

A

monocyte is in the blood, macrophage is in the tissue

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8
Q

Basophils

A

high in ALLERGY primarily –
normally very little in the blood – bind
IgE; release histamine&raquo_space; vasodilation (type 1 hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Eosinphils

A

larger PARASITIC INFXN
primarily but also allergy – more in blood
normally than basophils but still very
little

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10
Q

Neutrophils

A

bacterial infections or
fungal – highest concentration in blood
out of all white blood cell types

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11
Q

B cells do what?

A

make antibody

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12
Q

CD4 do what? and recognize what MHC?

A

help B cells

MHC 2

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13
Q

MHC 1 is on what cells?

A

all nucleolated cells except RBC

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14
Q

MHC 2 is on what cells?

A

antigen presenting (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages)

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15
Q

CD8 cells are activated by who? and recognize which MHC?

A

IL-2 - Intracellular pathogen (virus)

MHC 1

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16
Q

Il2 stimulates

A

T cells (CD8)

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17
Q

IgM

A

when I AM sick its the frst one to detect when there is an antigen, so it is from the innate response,

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18
Q

IgG

A

only one that crosses the placenta and protects the new born for the first 4-6 months of life from the mom, type 2 & 3 hypersensivity. on the Fc receptor

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19
Q

IgA

A

in breast milk, mucous. Neutralizer, not inflammatory. made by plasma cells in the respiratory & GI tract

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20
Q

IgE

A

basophils & mast cells, type 1 hypersensivity (allergy/anaphylaxis)

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21
Q

the constant determines ___ and is attached to ____

A

the isotope

the cell

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22
Q

IL1, IL8, TNF-alpha are all used during

A

acute inflammation

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23
Q

IL1

A

fever, made by macrophages during acute inflammation to cause a change in the vessel endothelium that promotes neutrophil extravasion. plays a role in the formation of fever, stimulates T cells

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24
Q

IL8

A

recruit neutrophils

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25
Q

TNF-alpha

A

vascular leak, septic shock, macrophages

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26
Q

IL-10 + TGF-beta

A

inhibit inflammation (t cells)

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27
Q

IL2

A

growth of helper & cytotoxic from T helper cells

28
Q

Severe combined immune deficiency is caused by

A

mutation of IL2 receptor

29
Q

Leukrotriene B4, IL8 and C5a attract ___ during ____

A

neutrophils

acute inflammation

30
Q

What antibody do you see first in an infection?

A

IgM

31
Q

What antibody is the most abundant?

A

IgG

32
Q

What antibody is high in parasitic infection?

A

Eosinophils

33
Q

Highest concentration of WBC?

A

neutrophils

34
Q

What type of infections are neutrophils present for?

A

bacterial & fungal

35
Q

MHC1 is on

A

all nucleated cells except RBC, and are recognized by CD8 cells

36
Q

CD8 does what?

A

kill viruses

37
Q

CD4 do what?

A

help B cells

38
Q

B cells make what antibodies?

A

IgG, IgM, IgE

39
Q

MHC2 is on what?

A

APCs (bcells, macro, dc) recognized by CD4

40
Q

CD4 Th1 do what?

A

recruit macrophages for phagocytosis

41
Q

What do CD4 Th2 cells do?

A

inform b cells to make antibodies

42
Q

all complement cascades meet at?

A

C3

43
Q

Classical pathway is triggered by?

A

Ag-Ab complex (igG & IgM), but is also always on

44
Q

Alternate pathway is triggered by?

A

microbial surface contact

45
Q

C3b does what

A

opsonization

46
Q

C5b does what?

A

initiates MAC

47
Q

What C make up MAC?

A

6-9

48
Q

SLE

A

ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-smith

49
Q

RA

A

anti-IgG, rheumatoid factor IgM, anti-CCP

50
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

anti-Ach receptor which blocks nicotinic acethylcholine at the post synpatic neuromuscular junction

51
Q

Grave’s

A

anti-TSH receptor

52
Q

Hashimotos

A

anti-microsomal

53
Q

Celiac

A

anti-gliadin

54
Q

goodpasture

A

antibody: GBM attack the basement membrane in lungs & kidneys
attacks the alpha-3 subunit of type 4 collagen

55
Q

CREST

A

anti-centromere

56
Q

Sjoren’s

A

anti-SS

57
Q

Vasculitis

A

p-ANCA, c-ANCA

58
Q

systemic scleorderma

A

anti-topoisomerase1

59
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylaxis (bee stong, eczema, bee sting) IgE

60
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivty

A

Cell mediated, IgG, IgM, goodpastures, Rh incompatibility

61
Q

Type 3 hypersensivity

A

immune complex, activates complement, tetanus vaccine, SLE, RA, serum sickness

62
Q

Type 4 hypersensivity

A

delayed, no ab involvement, poison ivy, hapenated

63
Q

Organ rejection

A

type 4 hypersensitivity, IL2,

64
Q

Hyperacute Transplant rejection

A

happens in sugery, caused by blood type mismatch, Type 2 hypersensivity, thrombosis and occlusion of graft vessels

65
Q

Acute Transplant Rejection

A

Weeks - months, T cell mediated against foreign MHC, type 4, leukocyte filtration of the graft vessel

66
Q

Chronic transplant rejection

A

months to years, combo type 3 & 4, intimal thickening & fibrosis of graft vessels

67
Q

graft vs. Host

A

donor t cells attack host, mostly in bone marrow transplants, diarrhea, rach & jaundice, onset varies

Acupuncture 1 (7 decks)

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