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Semsester 2 > PE SAC SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

PE SAC SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system

A 
Framework 
Movement 
Protection 
Blood cell formation 
Mineral stage
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2
Q

Types of bones

A 
Long bones - 
Shorts bones 
Flat bones 
Irregular bones 
Sesamid bones
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3
Q

Long bones examples

A

Humerus and femur

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4
Q

Short bone examples

A

Carpals and tarsals

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5
Q

Flat bone examples

A

Scapula and sternum

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6
Q

Irregular bone examples

A

Vertebrae and facial bones

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7
Q

Sesamid bone examples

A

Patella

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8
Q

Axial skeleton consists of…

A

Cranium
Vertebrae
Rib cage (12 pairs)

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton consist of…

A 
Bones in 
Arms 
Legs 
Shoulder 
Pelvis
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10
Q

Anatomical positions

A

Anterior and posterior
Superior and inferior
Lateral and medial

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Facing the front of your body

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Facing the back of the body

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13
Q

Superior

A

Top half of your body

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom half of the body

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the body

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16
Q

Medial

A

Towards the body

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17
Q

The 4 curves of the vertebrae/spine

A

Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
The sacrum

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18
Q

Joints are…

A

Where two or more bones meet or join together

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19
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

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20
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Tough fibres join these bones
They are immoveable
Eg: cranium and pelvis

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21
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

Cartilage joints these bones together
Slightly moveable
Eg: ribs

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22
Q

Synovial joints

A

Characterised by synovial fluids
Six types of these bones
Freely moveable
Eg: knee, wrist, hip

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23
Q

Six types of synovial joints

A 
Hinge- elbow and knee 
Ball and socket- shoulder, hip 
Gliding- carpals, tarsals, clavicle 
Saddle - thumb 
Condyloid - wrist 
Pivot - First 2 vertebrates
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24
Q

Flexion

A

Occurs when the angle decreases at the joint.

Eg: lifting a weight

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25
Q

Extension

A

The angle increase at the joint

Eg: straightening the arm

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26
Q

Hypertension

A

Occurs when the joint goes beyond the normal extended position

Eg: backbend

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27
Q

3 main types of connective tissue

A

Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments

28
Q

Cartilage

A

Location-End of bone, between bones,
Movement-slightly movement.
Function-Shock absorption

29
Q

tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone
Movement- Inelastic
Function-Allows moment

30
Q

ligaments

A

connects bond to bone

Movement- slightly elastic
Function- provide stability

31
Q

Muscular system functions

A

Movement
Posture
Bodily functions

32
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

33
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary movement
Responsible for posture
Pull on the bones

34
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Found in the digestive system

Involuntary movement

35
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle of the heart

Involuntary muscle

36
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition

A

When one of the muscles is contracting and the other relaxes.

37
Q

Agonist is

A

The muscle doing the work and contracting

38
Q

Antagonist is

A

The muscle relaxing

39
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A

Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic

40
Q

Isotonic muscles

A

Where the length of the muscle changes
Concentric - muscle shortens
Eccentric- muscle lengths

41
Q

Isometric muscles

A

Muscle applies the force without changing length

42
Q

Isokinetic

A

Maximal tension is developed through a range of motion

43
Q

What is Hypertrophy

A

Muscles increasing in size

44
Q

What is Atrophy

A

Muscles decrease in size

45
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

Occurs when your foot moves towards the shin

46
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Occurs when the foot moves away from the shin

47
Q

Abduction

A

Occurs when a body part is moved away from the midline of the body

48
Q

Adduction

A

Occurs when a body part move towards the midline of your body

49
Q

Supination

A

Palms facing upwards

50
Q

Pronation

A

Palms facing downwards

51
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of foot is rolling outwards

52
Q

Inversion

A

Sole of foot is rolling inwards

53
Q

Elevation

A

Shoulders up

54
Q

Depression

A

Shoulders down

55
Q

What is Origin

A

Muscle starts attaching to stable bone

56
Q

What is insertion

A

Muscle attaches to a different bone and pulls to create movement

57
Q

5 parts to the Vertebrae

A 
Cervical 
Thoracic 
Lumbar 
Sacrum 
Coccyx
58
Q

Number parts to the vertebrae

A 
7- cervical 
12- thoracic 
5- lumbar 
5- sacrum 
4- coccyx
59
Q

Example of uniaxial

A

1 direction

Hinge - elbow

60
Q

Example of biaxial

A

2 directions

Saddle- thumb

61
Q

Example of triaxial

A

3 directions

Ball and socket - shoulder

62
Q

A motor unit is

A

When the motor neuron and the muscle fibers stimulate the muscle together

63
Q

Fast twitch fibers

A

White in color
Anaerobic doesn’t require oxygen
Produces small amounts of energy fast

64
Q

Slow twitch fibers

A

Red in colour
Aerobic - requires oxygen
Produces large amount of slowly

65
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle applies force without changing length

66
Q

Isotonic

A

Length of muscle changes while applying force

67
Q

12 types of movements

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Dorsi flexion 
Planar Flexion 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Supination 
Pronation 
Inversion 
Eversion
Rotation 
Circumduction

Semsester 2 (5 decks)

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