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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

personality disorders

A

pattern of inner experience and behaviour that is not deemed appropriate considering individual’s cultural expectations

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2
Q

key features of diagnosis

A
  1. Pattern manifestation in 2+ areas (Cognition,emotion, interpersonal functioning or impulse control)
  2. Rigid and consistent pattern across many contexts
  3. Distress/ impairment
  4. Stability and long duration of symptoms
  5. Behaviour not caused by another mental illness
  6. Behaviour not caused by substance abuse
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3
Q

cluster A

A

odd and eccentric disorders - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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4
Q

cluster B

A

dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorder - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

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5
Q

cluster C

A

anxious and fearful disorders - avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

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6
Q

onset of PD

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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7
Q

Areas of pattern manifestation

A

Cognition
Emotion
Interpersonal Functioning
Impulse control

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8
Q

How should Personality Disorders be assessed

A

Through structured interviews

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9
Q

Diagnostic issues in PDs

A 
Low reliability (time and people)
Gender/ Cultural issues 
Co-morbidity/overlap
Weak treatment efficacy 
Poorly understood etiology
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10
Q

Etiology Theories

A

Psychodynamic
Attachment Theory
Cognitive Behavioural
Biological

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11
Q

Psychodynamic Theories

A

parent-child relationships leads to

inadequate sense of self

Issues relating to other people

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12
Q

Attachment Theories

A

Poor parent-child attachment > Poor adult attachment > Interpersonal relationship problems

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13
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Theories

A

Rigid, inflexible schemas
Invalidating environment
Modelling inappropriate behaviours

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14
Q

Biological Theories

A

Genetics
Brain Functioning
Emotion Regulation

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15
Q

How many Criterion must be met for a Paranoid PD diagnosis

A

4+ criteria

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16
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder more common in which gender

A

males

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17
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

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18
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive disinterest in social relationships and restricted affect

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19
Q

How many criterion must be met for a schizoid PD diagnosis

A

4+ criteria

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20
Q

Schizoid PD and social skills

A

They don’t have social skills and are not interested in learning them

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21
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

Pervasive pattern and social deficits, discomfort in interpersonal relationships, and perceptual distortion or eccentricities

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22
Q

Treatment of Schizotypal Disorder

A

Anti-Psychotics and Anti-Depressants

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23
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Males

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24
Q

How to Cluster A PDs differ from schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia is more severe

Schizotypal PD may be a mild form of schizophrenia

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25
Q

Can Cluster A PDs predict psychotic disorders

A

Cluster A PDs can be a precursor

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26
Q

When may Cluster A PDs appear

A

Childhood and Adolescents

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27
Q

Are Antisocial and Psychopathy the same disorder

A

No they are different

Not all people with antisocial are psychopaths

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28
Q

Which is more severe Antisocial PD or Psychopathy

A

Psychopathy is more severe

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29
Q

Is psychopathy a formal diagnosis

A

No, there is no formal diagnosis of psychopathy

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30
Q

Most psychopaths have Antisocial PD

A

true

31
Q

Most Antisocial PD individuals are psychopaths

A

False

Only a small proportion have Antisocial PD individuals have psychopathy

32
Q

Antisocial PD

A

Pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights of others

33
Q

How many criterion must be met for a Antisocial PD

A

3+ criteria

34
Q

Must have conduct disorder prior to the age of 15 to be diagnosised with Antisocial PD

A

true

35
Q

reliability of Antisocial PD

A

high behavioural reliability

36
Q

treatment of Antisocial PD

A

psychotherapy (aimed at symptoms and behaviour)

Meds (Manage threatening behaviour)

37
Q

Factors for psychopathy

A
  1. Interpersonal and affective ( superficially charming, grandiose, pathological lying, lack of remorse)
  2. Antisocial behaviour and lifestyle (Easily bored, lack of realistic long-term goals, impulsive, irresponsible)
  3. Promiscuous (casual sexual relationships)
  4. Many short-term relationships
38
Q

assessment of psychopathy

A

psychopathy checklsit

39
Q

Can psychopathy predict future violence

A

yes

40
Q

psychopaths can commit what kinds of violence

A

Cold blooded
Goal oriented
Sadistic and Gratuitous

41
Q

Biological Theories of Psychopathy

A

hypoactive amygdala and genetics

42
Q

Environmental theories of Psychopathy

A

abusive environment and disturbed living arrangements

43
Q

Primary psychopaths

A

lack fear

44
Q

secondary psychopaths

A

sensitivity to rewards

45
Q

Treatment of Psychopathy

A

reatment- resistant
Contingency management

Intensive supervision
Preventive Detention

46
Q

borderline PD

A

Pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect with marked impulsivity

47
Q

How many criteria are needed for BPD

A

5+ riteria

48
Q

Biological etiology

A

mild brain dysfunction

49
Q

Childhood experiences causing BPD

A

Child abuse/neglect
Child sexual abuse
Attachment problems with parents
Modelling

Linehan’s Biosocial Theory

50
Q

Linehan’s Biosocial Theory

A

BPD is a dysfunction of emotion regulation

51
Q

Treatment for BPD

A

DBT

4 Modules over 12 months

52
Q

BPD medication treatment

A

Anti-depressants
Anti-psychotics
Anti- Convulsants

53
Q

What are anti-convulsants used for in BPD

A

Emotional instability

Impulsivity

54
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

55
Q

How many symptoms are needed for a HPD diagnosis

A

5+ symptoms

56
Q

Cultural consideration of HPD

A

Behaviour must be distressing or impairing functioning

57
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

58
Q

How many symptoms are needed for a NPD diagnosis

A

5+ symptoms

59
Q

What is NPD associated with

A

Frequent internet and social media use

60
Q

Cluster C PDs

A

Avoidant PD
Dependent PD
Obsessive-compulsive PD

61
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Social Inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

62
Q

comorbidity

A

co-occurrence in the sae person of two or more different disorders

63
Q

overlap

A

similarity of symptoms in two or more different disorders

64
Q

personality of paranoid personality disorder

A

humourless, eccentric, hostile, jealous, and preoccupied with power and control

65
Q

difference in paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid personality

A

severity of paranoid beliefs - in paranoid personality they are non-bizzare

66
Q

personality of schizoid personality disorder

A

loners, cold, indifferent towards others, no desire to have any sort of relationships or go out, don’t desire sexual relations

67
Q

what do low doses of antipsychotic drugs release in schizotypal personality disorder

A

cognitive problems, social anxiety. antidepressant medication can also produce these effects

68
Q

Antisocial PD diagnosis requires what 7 violation of rights of others

A

nonconformity, callousness, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and recklessness

69
Q

polythetic approach

A

subset of symptoms or behaviours is required for a diagnosis, unlike most medical diagnosis

70
Q

fearlessness hypothesis (Antisocial PD)

A

Antisocial PD individuals have a higher threshold for feeling fear than do the other people

71
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

rely on someone else to make decisions - seek advice and direction from others

72
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

basis for change along with skills training and behavioural practices

73
Q

dialectical behaviour therapy

A

more for BPD, acceptance by the therapists of the patients demanding and manipulative behaviors

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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