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Corpsman A-School > Mod 5 Chest and Abdominal Trauma > Flashcards

Mod 5 Chest and Abdominal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Flail chest

A

-Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of fractured segment

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2
Q

Paradoxical motion

A

-Movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity

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3
Q

Patient care for flail chest

A
  • Perform primary assessment
  • Administer O2
  • If breathing inadequately assist with ventilation’s
  • Some systems allow use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
  • Monitor the patient carefully
  • Watch respiratory rate and depth
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4
Q

Open chest wound

A

-Not only is skin broken but chest wall is penetrated for example by a bullet or knife blade

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5
Q

Sucking chest wound

A

-An open chest wound in which air is sucked into chest cavity.

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6
Q

Signs of sucking chest wound

A
  • Patient has wound in chest
  • May or may not be sucking sound associated with open chest wound
  • May be gasping for air
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7
Q

Patient care for open chest wound

A
  • Maintain open airway
  • Seal the open chest wound as quickly as possible
  • Apply occlusive dressing at least 2 inches wider than wound.
  • Administer O2
  • Care for shock
  • Transport as soon as possible
  • Consider advanced life support if it will not delay the patients arrival at hospital.
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8
Q

Flutter valve and occlusive dressing

A
  • Sealing plastic on all sides except for one corner
  • On inspiration dressing seals wound preventing air entry
  • On expiration allows air to escape through untapped section of dressing
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9
Q

Asherman chest seal

A

-Includes one way valve in the design

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10
Q

Pneumothorax

A

-Occurs when air enters the chest cavity possibly causing collapse of a lung

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11
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

-A type of pneumothorax in which air that enters chest cavity is prevented from escaping

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12
Q

Hemothorax

A
  • When the chest cavity fills with blood

- Can be caused when lacerations within chest cavity are produced by penetrating objects or fractured ribs

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13
Q

Hemopneumothorax

A

-Chest cavity fills with both blood and air

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14
Q

Traumatic asphyxia

A
  • Associated with sudden compression of the chest.
  • Sternum and ribs exert severe pressure on heart and lungs forcing blood out of the right atrium and up into the jugular veins in the neck.
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15
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

-When an injury to the heart causes blood to flow into the the surrounding pericardial sac.

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16
Q

Aortic injury and dissection

A
  • Damage to the aorta the largest artery in the body.

- Damage to the aorta can cause fatal bleeding.

17
Q

Commotio cordis

A

-When a patient is hit in the center of the chest causing ventricular fibrillation. Or an uneven pumping of the heart resulting in a cardiac arrest.

18
Q

Signs of a pneumothorax

A
  • Respiratory difficulty
  • Uneven chest wall movement
  • Reduction of breath sounds on the affected side of chest
  • Increase in respiratory difficulty
  • Developing shock, rapid or weak pulse and low blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output
  • Distended neck veins
  • Tracheal deviation to uninjured side
  • Reduced or absent breath sounds on affected side of chest
19
Q

Signs of a hemothorax

A

-Signs of a pneumothorax plus coughed up red frothy blood

20
Q

Signs of traumatic asphyxia

A
  • Distended neck veins
  • Head, neck, and shoulders appearing dark blue or purple
  • Bloodshot and bulging eyes
  • Swollen and blue tongue and lips
  • Chest deformity
21
Q

Signs of a cardiac tamponade

A
  • Distended neck veins
  • Very weak pulse
  • Low blood pressure
  • Steadily decreasing pulse pressure
22
Q

Signs of aortic injury or dissection

A
  • Tearing chest pain radiating to back
  • Differences in pulse or blood pressure between right and left extremities or between arms and legs
  • Palpable pulsating mass
  • Cardiac arrest
23
Q

Patient care for injuries to chest cavity

A
  • Maintain an open airway. Be prepared to apply suction
  • Administer O2
  • Follow local protocols as to the preferred type of dressing for any open wound.
  • Care for shock
  • Transport as soon as possible
  • Consider ALS intercept if it will not delay patients arrival at hospital.
24
Q

Evisceration and most commonly injured organs

A
  • An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
  • The liver and spleen is the most commonly injured organ
25
Q

What is VIPS

A
  • Vital Signs
  • Interventions
  • Primary assessment
  • Secondary assessment
26
Q

What is SMOBD

A
  • Sterile
  • Moist
  • Occlusive
  • Bulky
  • Dressing
27
Q

Common signs of abdominal injury

A
  • Pain starting as mild pain then rapidly intolerable
  • Cramps
  • Nausea
  • Weakness
  • Thirst
  • Obvious lacerations and punctures to abdomen, pelvis, and middle and lower back or chest wounds near diaphragm
  • Indications of blunt trauma
  • Indications of shock
  • Coughing up or vomiting blood
  • Rigid or tender abdomen
  • Distended abdomen
28
Q

Abdominal injury care (open and closed)

A
  • Stay alerted for vomiting, keep open airway
  • Place patient on back legs flexed
  • Administer O2
  • Care for shock
  • Give nothing by mouth
  • Monitor vital signs constantly
  • Transport as soon as possible
  • Control external bleeding
  • Do not touch eviscerated, or exposed organs. Apply SMOBD
  • Do not removed any impaled objects.
29
Q

srtwr

A

wrewe

Corpsman A-School (16 decks)

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