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Corpsman A-School > Mod 5 Musculoskeletal Trauma > Flashcards

Mod 5 Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Extremities

A

-The portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands (upper extremities) and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet (lower extremities)

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2
Q

Bones

A

-Hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs

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3
Q

Joints

A

-Places where bones articulate, or meet.

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4
Q

Short bones

A

-Found in hands and feet

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5
Q

Flat bones

A

-Sternum, shoulder blades, and ribs

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

-Vertebrae of the spinal column are examples of irregular bones

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7
Q

Long bones

A

-Bones found in arm and thigh

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8
Q

Periostem

A

-Strong white fibrous material that covers bones

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9
Q

Muscles

A

-Tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts or organs

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

-Tough tissues that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear

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11
Q

Tendons

A

-Tissues that connect muscle to bone

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

-Tissues that connect bone to bone

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13
Q

MTB

A

-Muscle tendon bone

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14
Q

BLB

A

-Bone ligament bone

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15
Q

Three types of mechanisms that cause musculoskeletal injuries

A
  • Direct force (If person was was to be struck by an automobile causing crushed tissues and fractures).
  • Twisting or rotational forces can cause stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments as well as broken bones
  • Indirect force (for example if a person was to fall from a great height the direct force would be in feet and ankles while the indirect force could cause injury to knees, femurs, pelvis, and spinal column.
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16
Q

Bones cause bleeding. How much bleeding can a pelvis, femur, and tibia fibula fracture produce?

A
  • Pelvis fracture = 3-4 pints (1,500-2,000 cc)
  • Femur fracture = 2 pints (1,000 cc)
  • Tibula-Fibula = 1 pint (500 cc)
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17
Q

Traction splint

A

-A splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Traction splints are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.

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18
Q

Fracture

A

-Any break in a bone

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19
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

-A fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

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20
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

-An incomplete fracture

21
Q

Angulated fracture

A

-Fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other.

22
Q

Dislocation

A

-This disruption or “coming apart” of a joint

23
Q

Sprain

A

-The stretching or tearing of ligaments

24
Q

Strain

A

-Muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

25
Q

Closed extremity injury

A

-An injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin

26
Q

Open extremity injury

A

-An extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to bone.

27
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

-Injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast.

28
Q

How compartment syndrome progresses

A
  • A fracture or crush injury causes swelling
  • Pressure and swelling caused by bleeding within muscle compartment becomes so great that body can no longer perfuse the tissues against pressure.
  • Cellular damage occurs and causes more swelling
  • Blood flow to the area is lost. Limb may be lost if pressure not relieved.
  • CSM (Circulation, sensory, motor functions) may be reduced or absent
29
Q

Crepitus

A

-A grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of muskuloskeletal injuries

A
  • Pain and tenderness
  • Deformity or angulation
  • Grating (crepitus)
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Exposed bone ends
  • Joints locked into position
  • Nerve and blood vessel compromise
31
Q

The six P’s (assessing compromise to an extremity when a muskuloskeletal injury is suspected )

A
  • Pain or tenderness
  • Pallor (Pale skin or poor capillary refill)
  • Parathesia or the sensation of pins and needles
  • Pulses diminished or absent in the injured extremity
  • Paralysis or inability to move
  • Pressure
32
Q

Care for musculoskeletal injuries

A
  • Take and maintain standard precaution
  • Primary assessment
  • During secondary assessment apply cervical collar if spinal injury suspected
  • After addressing life threats splint any suspected extremity fracture.
  • If appropriate cover open wounds with sterile dressings elevate the extremity and apply a cold pack to reduce swelling
33
Q

What to do when patient becomes unstable

A

-Managing extremity injuries becomes a low priority.

34
Q

Effective splinting

A

-Minimizes movement of joints and broken ends and decreases pain

35
Q

What happens if an injury is not realigned accordingly

A
  • May cause further injury or more pain during transport
  • Chance of nerves, arteries, and veins being compromised increases
  • Realignment hurts only for a moment then is reduced by proper splinting.
36
Q

Manual traction

A

-The process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting. Also called tension.

37
Q

The three basic types of splints used on EMS units

A
  • Rigid splints. Requires limb to be moved to the anatomic position. Used primarily for long bone injuries.
  • Formable splints are capable of being molded to different angles and allow of considerable movement.
  • Traction splints are specifically used for femur fractures.
38
Q

General rules for immobilization

A
  • Care for life threatening problems first
  • Expose the injury site.
  • Align long bone injuries to anatomic position
  • Do not push protruding bones back into place
  • Immobilize both the injury site and adjacent joints
  • Choose a method of splinting
  • Splint before moving patient to a stretcher or other location if possible
  • Pad voids (spaces in between body parts)
39
Q

Hazards of splinting

A

-Splinting before assessing life threatening injuries.

improper splinting

40
Q

Splinting long bone or joint injuries

A
  • Take appropriate standard precautions and expose area to be splinted
  • Stabilize injury
  • Assess CSM
  • Realign injury if deformed, cyanotic, or pulse-less
  • Measure or adjust splint and move it into place.
  • Apply and secure splint to immobilize adjacent joints
  • Reassess CSM
41
Q

Signs and symptoms shoulder girdle injuries

A
  • Pain in shoulder
  • Dropped shoulder
  • A severe blow to the back over the scapula may cause this injury
42
Q

Signs and symptoms of pelvic injury

A
  • Complaint of pain in the pelvis, hips, groin, or back
  • Painful reaction to pressure on groin or pelvis
  • Patient cannot lift leg
  • Foot on injured side may turn outward
  • Unexplained pressure on urinary bladder
  • Bleeding from rectum, urethra, or vaginal opening
43
Q

Anterior hip dislocation

A

-The patients entire lower limb is rotated outward and hip is usually flexed

44
Q

Posterior hip dislocation

A
  • Patients leg is rotated inward, the hip is flexed and knee is bent.
  • Foot may hang loose
45
Q

Hip fracture signs and symptoms

A

-Pain is localized

  • Sensitive to pressure exerted on the lateral prominence of the hip
  • Tissues discolored
  • Swelling
  • Cannot move limb while on back
  • Unable to stand
  • Foot on injured side usually turns outward
  • Injured limb may appear shorter
  • Geriatric patients are more susceptible due to brittle bones
46
Q

Femoral shaft fracture signs and symptoms

A
  • Intense pain
  • Often an open fracture with deformity and protruding through the wound
  • Injured limb may appear to be shortened
47
Q

Knee injury signs and symptoms

A
  • Pain and tenderness
  • Swelling
  • Deformity with obvious swelling
  • Always check distal pulse
48
Q

Tibia fibula injury care

A
  • Always check CSM before and after splint application
  • Apply air inflated splint
  • Two splint method using 2 rigid board splints
  • Single splint with an ankle hitch
49
Q

Signs and symptoms of forearm, wrist, and hand injury

A
  • Forearm Deformity and tenderness. If only one bone is broken deformity may be minor or absent
  • Wrist, deformity and tenderness
  • Hand, deformity and pain. Dislocated fingers are obvious.

Corpsman A-School (16 decks)

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