Chapter 11

Question 1

What the plant looks like, all the characteristics of the plant that are observed

Answer 1

Phenotype

Question 2

Self pollination for many plant generations produces offspring plants that look exactly like the parent plant

Answer 2

True-breeding

Question 3

Pisum sativum is what, and which is the genus and which is the species

Answer 3

Pisum sativum-garden pea
Pisum-genus
Sativum-species

Question 4

The first scientist to apply math to biology, applied statistics and probability to breeding experiments, and worked as a substitute teacher at a local high school

Answer 4

Austrian monk Gregory Mendel 1822-1884

Question 5

Tall plants produced tall offspring, red plants always produced red offspring are examples of

Answer 5

True-breeding

Question 6

Explain Mendel’s theory

Answer 6

Particulate theory- he thought minute particles (hereditary units)were reshuffled in parents and passed on to offspring, he proposed the law of segregation, he proposed the law of independent assortment

Question 7

Original true-breeding parent plant variety

Answer 7

P generation

Question 8

What is F 1 generation

Answer 8

This was the offspring from the cross of two true-breeding varieties chosen to be different by only one trait

Question 9

A specific area on a chromosome

Answer 9

Gene locus

Question 10

Alleles are identical

Answer 10

Homozygous

Question 11

All of the DNA, whether it is dominant or recessive is called

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

One dominant and one is recessive Tt

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

Dominant allele is represented by a capital letter and the recessive allele is represented by a lower case letter

Answer 13

Short hand

Question 14

F1 generation allowed to self pollinate gives us

Answer 14

F2 generation

Question 15

F is from the Latin word? Meaning?

Answer 15

Filius=sons and daughters

Question 16

F _generation always produced a - ratio of the true-breeding __________.

Answer 16

2, 3-1 ratio, phenotype

Question 17

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Answer 17

Autosome

Question 18

Explain the sum role

Answer 18

Sum rule explains phenotype ratios. Since there is more than one genotype that can produce some phenotypes, the probabilities of the genotypes are added

Question 19

What happens if an autosomal disease is dominant

Answer 19

The affected individual can have the genotype AA (homozygous dominant) or Aa (heterozygous)

Question 20

If an autosomal disease is recessive

Answer 20

The affected individual must have the genotype aa (homozygous recessive)

Question 21

Explain autosomal recessive disease with regards to parents or children

Answer 21

Parents can be affected or carriers, carriers are heterozygous and unaffected, most children have unaffected parents, two affected parents will always have an affected child, close relatives who produce are more likely to have affected children, both male and female are affected with equal frequency

Question 22

Name 3 Autosomal dominant disorders

Answer 22

Osteogenesis imperfecta, hereditary spherocytosis, Huntington disease

Question 23

Explain autosomal dominant disease in regards to parent and children

Answer 23

If you have the allele you will have the disease: AA or Aa, affected children will usually have an affected parent, two affected parents can have an unaffected child, two unaffected parents will not have affected child, both male and female are affected with equal frequency

Question 24

What did Gregory Mendel study at the university of Vienna?

Answer 24

Math and science

Question 25

Describe the blending concept of inheritance?

Answer 25

Theory was that two different parents would produce offspring with an appearance between that of both parents ex:red plant crossed with white plant would give you pink plant

Question 26

Is it the F1 generation or the F2 generation that disproves this theory of inheritance?

Answer 26

F1 rejected this theory. F1 generation is offspring from the cross of two true-breeding varieties chosen to be different by only one trait

Question 27

What is Mendel’s law of segregation?

Answer 27

Two traits, segregated in gametes, brought together again in offspring. Each trait can be called an allele

Question 28

What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer 28

The alleles of one of the gene sort into gametes independently of the alleles of another gene.

Question 29

What is a true breeding organism?

Answer 29

Is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring