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PHI 101 > Exam 1 (philosophy) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (philosophy) Flashcards

1
Q

not valid…

A

invalid

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2
Q

study of knowledge

A

epistemology

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3
Q

theory of reality…

A

metaphysics

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4
Q

understanding an idea by distinguishing… clarifying… components

A

analysis

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5
Q

a trivially true statement

A

tautology

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6
Q

form of argument… one refutes a statement… leads to absurdity.

A

reductive ad absurdum

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7
Q

study of formal structures…

A

logic

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8
Q

ideas in clear, concise,… language

A

articulation

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9
Q

knowledge before experience…

A

a priori knowledge

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10
Q

an invalid argument…

A

fallacies

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11
Q

study of formal structures…

A

ontology

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12
Q

statement that is accepted from the start of an argument…

A

premises

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13
Q

argument aimed at the individual

A

ad hominem

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14
Q

supporting your ideas with reasons from other ideas

A

argument

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15
Q

an argument that correctly follows agreed-upon rules of inference

A

valid

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16
Q

assuming the truth of the point at issue in a question

A

begging the question

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17
Q

basic units

A

concepts

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18
Q

the end of an argument

A

conclusion

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19
Q

guarantees the truth of the conclusion, if the premises are true

A

deductive logic

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20
Q

knowledge based on experience

A

empirical knowledge

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21
Q

philosophical study of religion

A

philosophy of religion

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22
Q

kind of deductive reasoning

A

syllogisms

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23
Q

gathering… different ideas… single unified version

A

synthesis

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24
Q

self contradictory or seemingly absurd conclusion

A

paradox

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25
Q

does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion

A

inductive logic

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26
Q

a religion that stresses the unity of life and the ideal of being at one with the cosmos

A

hinduism

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27
Q

belief in god

A

theism

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28
Q

a belief in something in which you have… -a rational belief in God

A

faith

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29
Q

independent of… a God who is distinct and separate from the universe he created

A

transcendent

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30
Q

the belief that everything is God

A

pantheism

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31
Q

buddhism that stresses the importance of meditation and teaching

A

zen buddhism

32
Q

an argument to prove God’s existence based on a first cause.

A

cosmological argument

33
Q

a person who believes that we cannot know whether God exists or does not exist

A

agnostic

34
Q

belief in many gods and goddesses

A

polytheism

35
Q

all-knowing, usually said of God

A

omniscient

36
Q

God defined as within the world and in the human spirit…

A

Immanent (God)

37
Q

A movement in the 18th century… rejected the churches authority…

A

enlightenment

38
Q

the belief in one God

A

monotheism

39
Q

the belief that there is no God

A

atheism

40
Q

human like

A

anthropomorphic

41
Q

all-powerful, usually said of God

A

omnipotent

42
Q

an argument that tries to prove the existence of God from the very concept of “god”

A

ontological argument

43
Q

a binding obligation formed voluntarily

A

commitment

44
Q

a religion… that teaches that suffering is the universal condition of human existence

A

Buddhism

45
Q

A person who does not believe in God

A

atheist

46
Q

an argument that attempts to prove that God exists because of the intricacy and design of nature.

A

argument from design (for God’s existence)

47
Q

the refusal to believe either that God exists or that he does not exist.

A

agnosticism

48
Q

the dilemma… trying to reconcile that God is omnipotent, omniscient and just with the suffering and evil in the world

A

problem of evil

49
Q

a belief that God exists to create the universe, but does not intervene…

A

deism

50
Q

in Kierkegaard, believing on faith what one cannot prove

A

leap of faith

51
Q

Socrates based his philosophy on the need to…

A

know yourself and live the examined life

52
Q

a set of ideas about the nature of society and our political roles within it…

A

ideology

53
Q

a way of seeing the world, a way of understanding the “larger perspective”

A

world view

54
Q

plato was

A

a student of Socrates

55
Q

Aristotle was

A

a student of Plato

56
Q

the study of good and bad, right and wrong,… the defense of the principles of morality

A

ethics

57
Q

arguments are neither true or false, they are

A

valid or invalid

58
Q

truth and falsity apply to…

A

statements, not arguments

59
Q

statements so obviously true that they need not be proved at all are called

A

axioms

60
Q

all, every, only, none, or no one are all words that form

A

inductive arguments

61
Q

inductive arguments are not valid or invalid, they are

A

strong or weak

62
Q

if the conclusions of of different arguments within a philosophy contradict one another, that philosophy is

A

inconsistent

63
Q

Basing on argument simply on the opinions of someone in authority…

A

Argument from authority

64
Q

if someone believes in God, we must know which…

A

conception they believe in

65
Q

a famous defender of pantheism…

A

Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza

66
Q

The conception of God as spirit was defended by

A

Hegel

67
Q

The Old Testament shows God as

A

a giver of laws

68
Q

In the New Testament, God is depicted as

A

a caring, Divine Judge

69
Q

punishing the person who deserves it not someone else…

A

justice

70
Q

philosopher who defended the cosmological argument

A

Saint Thomas Aquinas

71
Q

philosopher who defended the teleological argument

A

William Paley

72
Q

Philosopher who defended the ontological argument…

A

Saint Anslem

73
Q

Philosopher who believed in Rational faith…

A

Immanual Kant

74
Q

Philosopher famous for setting up a betting situation related to God’s existence

A

Blaise Pascal

75
Q

Philosopher who believed in irrational faith…

A

Kierkegaard

PHI 101 (4 decks)

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