controlling microbial growth

Question 1

Antisepsis

Answer 1

reduces amount on living tissue

Question 2

degerm

Answer 2

remove germs by mechanical means

Question 3

disinfection

Answer 3

no microbes non living tissue

Question 4

sanitization

Answer 4

remove to level of health standards

Question 5

sterilize

Answer 5

destroy all in or on object

Question 6

action of antimicrobial agens

Answer 6

destroy cell wall or nucleic acid interfere with or denature proteins

Question 7

Kelsey sykes capacity test

Answer 7

Suspensions added to dilution for varying times. Can determined time required for disinfection

Question 8

In use test

Answer 8

swabs taken before and after application, innoculated incubated observed for growth.

Question 9

heat kills how?

Answer 9

denatures proteins, disrupts cell wall and structure function nucleic acids

Question 10

thermal death point

Answer 10

is lowest temp to kill all cells broth in 10 minutes

Question 11

thermal death time

Answer 11

time to kill on microbes in a certain volume at certain temp

Question 12

Pastuerization

Answer 12

remove most pathogenic bacteria in food or dink. Thermophiles can survive.

Question 13

Psychrophilic microbes

Answer 13

can grow in fridge. ie yersina listeria

Question 14

Phenol

Answer 14

intermediate denatures proteins disrupts cell membranes, active for long time.
Lysol triclosan bispehnolics

Question 15

Alcohol

Answer 15

denatures proteins, removes well. Evaporates, low contact time.

Question 16

Halogens

Answer 16

damage proteins denature.

Iodine bleach bromine.

Question 17

oxidizing agents

Answer 17

peroxide ozone peracetic acid. Oxidizes microbial enzymes.

Question 18

Surfactants

Answer 18

soaps good degerming, not antimicribal.

Detergents quats - disrupt cell membranes.

Question 19

Heavy metals

Answer 19

fungi and bacteriostatic

Question 20

beta lactam structure

Answer 20

square with nitrogen. anything with illin penicillin methicilin cephalosporin monobactam

Question 21

beta lactam effective against

Answer 21

synthetics broader range. more stable more absorbed less degraded. simplest only effective against g+.

Question 22

vanomycin and cycloserine

Answer 22

interfere with nam subunits in G+ (beta lactam)

Question 23

bacitracin

Answer 23

blocks secretion of nag and nam

Question 24

isozianid and ethambutamol

Answer 24

disrupt mycolic acid formation in mycobacterium.

Question 25

aminoglycosides mechanism

Answer 25

some like streptomycin cause change in 30S shape so mRNA misread. Others like tetracycline block A (50s) site docking.

Question 26

chloramphenicol

Answer 26

blocks peptide bond formation

Question 27

lincosamides or macrolides

Answer 27

bind 50s, block mRNA movement through ribosome

Question 28

azoles and allylamines

Answer 28

inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis

Question 29

polymyxin

Answer 29

disrupts gram negative cytoplasmic membrane ie pseudomonas

Question 30

atavaquone

Answer 30

interferes with electron transport in prozoa (malaria) and fungi.

Question 31

niclosamide

Answer 31

disrupt oxidative phosphorylation in worms and protozoa

Question 32

sulfanilamide

Answer 32

normally paba-.thf-DNA / RNA synthesis. sulfanilimide irrversibly inactivates folic acid synthesis from paba.

Question 33

quinolones and flouronquinolones

Answer 33

act against DNA gyrase, like ciprofloxacin.

Question 34

Mic

Answer 34

add drugs at diff dilutions to test tubes see which dilution causes no growth

Question 35

estrip

Answer 35

see what concentration kills on plate. size cann change.

Question 36

minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC)

Answer 36

broth test, plate. see if colonies are there. no colonies means concentration killed not inhibited growth

Question 37

7 mechanisms antimicrobial resistance

Answer 37

pump out, alter active site, drop metabolic pathway, produce degradation enzyme, biofilm, produce protein like MFP in mycobacterium to alter target protein

Question 38

tetrad

Answer 38

square one level

Question 39

sarcinae

Answer 39

cube multiple leves.