5.3 Endomembrane System

Question 1

The Endomembrane system includes -

Answer 1

I. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
II. Golgi complex
III. Lysosomes
IV. Vacuoles.

Question 2

The organelles whose functions are coordinated are considered as a part of _____ system.

Answer 2

Endomembrane system

Question 3

Name three organelles whose functions are not coordinated with components of the Endomembrane system.

Answer 3

Mitochondria, chloroplast, and peroxisomes

Question 4

The presence of a network or reticulum of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm is called ______.

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 5

ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments:

Answer 5

I. luminal (inside ER)
II. Extra-luminal (outside ER or cytoplasm)

Question 6

The ER-bearing ribosomes on their outer surface are called _____.

Answer 6

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 7

The ER devoid of ribosomes is called ______, which is ______ (smooth/rough).

Answer 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); smooth

Question 8

RER is involved actively in ______.

Answer 8

Synthesis and Secretion of Protein

Question 9

RER is extensive and continuous with the outer membrane of the ______.

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

SER is a major site for:

Answer 10

Synthesis of lipid

Question 11

In animal cells, SER synthesis ______ hormones.

Answer 11

Lipid-like steroidal hormones

Question 12

Golgi bodies were first observed and named by ______ in ____ year.

Answer 12

Camillo Golgi; 1898

Question 13

Golgi Bodies are ______ structures that are ______ (inside/near) the nucleus.

Answer 13

Densely stained reticular structures;

near the nucleus

Question 14

______ is common to both ER and Golgi.

Answer 14

Cristernae

Question 15

Golgi bodies are ______-shaped near the nucleus.

Answer 15

Cisternae (Flattened or disc-shaped sacs)

Question 16

Diameter of Cisternae of Golgi is:

Answer 16

0.5 μm to 1 μm (in diameter)

Question 17

The same number of cisternae are present in a Golgi complex.
T/F

Answer 17

False,
A varied number of cisternae are present in a Golgi complex.

Question 18

The Golgi cisternae are stacked _______ to each other and arranged in _______ way.

Answer 18

Parallel; Concentrically

Question 19

The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged with two faces:
I. Forming face -
II. Maturing face -

Answer 19

I. Forming face - convex cis
II. Maturing face - concave trans

Question 20

The cis and the trans faces of Golgi bodies are entirely different and interconnected.
T/F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The principle function of the Golgi apparatus is ______, which is delivered either to ______ or ______.

Answer 21

Packaging of materials; Intra-cellular targets or Secreted outside the cell.

Question 22

Materials to be packaged in the form of ______ from ______ fuse with ______ face and move towards ______ face of Golgi.

Answer 22

vesicles; ER; Cis; Trans

Question 23

Hence, Golgi apparatus remains in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Proteins synthesized by ribosomes are transported and chemically modified by

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus

Question 25

Modified proteins from cisternae are released through ______ face of the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 25

trans face

Question 26

Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of _______.

Answer 26

glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 27

Lysosomes are membrane-bound ______ structures.

Answer 27

vesicular

Question 28

Lysosomes are formed by the process of ______ in the ______.

Answer 28

packaging; Golgi apparatus

Question 29

Isolated Lysosomal vesicles are rich in __

Answer 29

Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 30

The hydrolases present in lysosomes are -

Answer 30

Lipases, proteases, carbohydrases

Question 31

Enzymes of lysosomal vesicles get active at _______ (acidic/basic) pH.

Answer 31

Acidic

Question 32

Lysosomal enzymes are capable of:

Answer 32

Digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 33

Vacuole is a double membrane-bound space or not.

Answer 33

Vacuole is a single membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm.

Question 34

Vacuoles contain ________ that are not useful for the cell.

Answer 34

water, sap, excretory product and other materials

Question 35

The vacuole is bound by a single membrane called _______.

Answer 35

tonoplast

Question 36

In plant cells, Vacuoles occupy up to ______ % of cell volume.

Answer 36

90%

Question 37

In plants, _______ facilitates the transport of a number of ions and other materials ______ (along/against) concentration gradients into the vacuole.

Answer 37

Tonoplast; against

Question 38

Hence, the concentration of ions or other materials is significantly ______ (lower/higher) in the vacuole than in the cytoplasm.

Answer 38

higher

Question 39

______ vacuole responsible for ______ in Amoeba.

Answer 39

contractile vacuole; Osmoregulation and excretion

Question 40

In protists, _______ vacuoles are formed by ______.

Answer 40

food vacuole; engulfing the food particles