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Gen Eds > CHEM111 - Exam1 > Flashcards

CHEM111 - Exam1 Flashcards

0
Q

a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a reliable relationship between phenomena. for example finding a pattern or trend and summarizing the findings with a ____

A

law

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1
Q

unifying principle that explains a body of experimental observations and the laws that are based on them. they can als be used to predict relate phenomena, so these are always being tested. if it is disproved by an experiment, then it must be discarded or modified so that it becomes consistent with experimental observations

A

theory

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2
Q

composition is not uniform.

ex: sand with iron filling, egg white

A

heterogeneous

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3
Q

composition of mixture is uniform throughout

ex: sugar in water, cough syrup

A

homogeneous mixture

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4
Q

elements of the same type of atom

A

pure substance

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5
Q

when two elements are combined

ex: carbon dioxide

A

Compound

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6
Q

you can classify items as an element

A

ex: neon

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7
Q

can be observed and measured without changing IDENTITY of substance (solubility, conductivity, magnetism, density, boiling point, melting point)

  • lead melting at very high temp
  • condensation of water
  • dilution of a juice concentrate
A

physical property

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8
Q

a chemical change or chemical process must occur. after change, original substance no longer exists
ex: iron rusts when exposed to H20 or air

A

chemical property

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9
Q

one in which the state of matter changes, but the identity of matter does not
ex: melting

A

physical change

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10
Q

the change, for example, corrosion or oxidation

A

chemical change/chemical process

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11
Q

numbers

A

quantitative

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12
Q

words (not measurements)

A

qualitative

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13
Q

does not depend on amount of matter; not additive

ex: density and temperature; adding two beakers of water will have same density and temperature

A

intensive property

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14
Q

measured value that depends on amount of matter; mass and length
ex: mass (more matter means more mass); adding two coins to have a combined mass

A

extensive property

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15
Q

*the mass of an atom in atomic mass units; atomic mass unit is equal o 1.6605378 x 10^-24g

A

average atomic mass/weight

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16
Q

total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an elemet

A

mass number

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17
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element

A

atomic number

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18
Q

how close measured numbers are to one another

A

precision

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19
Q

how close measured numbers are to a true value

A

accuracy

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20
Q

atoms that have the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A)

A

isotopes

21
Q

The scientific method gives rise to ____, data gives rise to ____, these are tested with experiments, and successful hypotheses give rise to ___, which are further tested by an experiment.

A

laws, hypotheses, theories

22
Q

horizontal rows

A

periods

23
Q

a good conductor of heat and electricity

A

metal

24
Q

a poor conductor of heat and electricity

A

nonmetal

25
Q

an element with properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

A

metalloid

26
Q

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table. referred to by group number ex 1A, 2A, etc

A

group

27
Q

Group 1A

A

Alkali metals

28
Q

Group 2A

A

Alkaline earth metals

29
Q

group 6A

A

Chalogens

30
Q

group 7A

A

Halogens

31
Q

group 8A

A

Noble gases

32
Q

group 1B and groups 3B-8B; These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points

A

transition elements/metals

33
Q

(has some of the lighter transition metals) are the most abundant elements on the earth, in the solar system, and in the universe. They are sometimes called the representative elements.

A

main group elements

34
Q

A kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously.

A

electromagnetic radiation

35
Q

the distance between identical points on successive waves (successive waves or troughs)

A

wavelength (lambda)

36
Q

the number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1 second (v)

A

frequency

37
Q

the vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the top of the peak or the bottom of the trough

A

amplitude

38
Q

_____ ____ has an electric field component and a magnetic field component: have same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, but vibrate into two mutually perpendicular planes

A

electromagnetic wave

39
Q

Describe Bohr model of the atom an use it to explain the line emission spectra of hydrogen

A

an electron in bohr model: the electron absorbs energy and is promoted to an excited state, then the energy is lost and goes to ground state producing a photon of light and only certain quanta of energy are emitted with particular wavelength, frequency, and energy

40
Q

when n=1, which corresponds to the most stable energy state; the lowest energy of an atom

A

ground state

41
Q

each energy in which n > 1; higher in energy that the ground state

A

excited state

42
Q

designates the size of the orbital (n)

A

principal quantum number

43
Q

(l) describes the shape of the atomic orbital; the values of l are integers that depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n.
- values of l range from 0 to n - 1
GIVE VALUES

A

angular momentum quantum number
n=1 l=0
n=2 l=0,1
n=3 l=0,1,2

44
Q

s subshell:

A

l=0

45
Q

p subshell

A

l=1

46
Q

d subshell

A

l=2

47
Q

f subshelll

A

l=3

48
Q

describes the orientation of the orbital in space (ml); within a subshell, the value of ml depends on the value of l

ex: 0 s subshell = 0, so one orbital
- 1 p subshell -1,0,1, so three orbitals

A

magnetic quantum number

49
Q

(ms) to specify the electrons spin

A

electron spin quantum number

Gen Eds (39 decks)

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