Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen Eds > PSY111 - ch6 > Flashcards

PSY111 - ch6 Flashcards

0
Q

process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli

A

habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

A sea shell slug about 5 inches long that retracts its gill when pricked,, but then habituates (stops retracting its gill) if pricked repeatedly

A

aplysia califonicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • repeated exposure to stimuli can lead to this and respond more strongly over time.
A

sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

change in an organisms behavior or thought as a result of experience

A

learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response

A

classical (Pavlovian conditioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

researched with dogs by classical conditioning

A

ivan pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stimulus that elicits an automatic response

A

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

automatic response to a non-neutral stimulus that does not need to be learned

A

unconditioned response (UCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

response previously associated with a non-neutral stimulus that is elicited by a neutral stimulus through conditioning

A

conditioned response (CR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response due to association with an unconditioned stimulus

A

conditioned stimulus (CS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

learning phase during which a conditioned response is established

A

acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

A

extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus

A

spontaneous recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was acquired

A

renewal effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

process by which conditioned stimuli are similar, but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response

A

stimulus generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

process by which organisms display a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus
-ex: being afraid of a tornado on tv and having different response in person

A

stimulus discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the process by which organisms develop classically conditioned responses to conditioned stimuli that later become associated with the original conditione stimulus

A

higher-order conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms behavior

A

operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

grasping the underlying nature of a problem

- ex: Thorndikes cats learning puzzle to being in box

A

insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

small animal chamber constructed by Skinner too allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised
- electronically records an animals response and prints out a cumulative record of animals activity

A

Skinner box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if a response, in the presence of a stimulus, is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the bond between stimulus and response will be strengthened
- principle asserting that if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to give rise to the behavior in the future

A

law of effect - Thorndike

21
Q

outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior

A

reinforcement

22
Q

presentation of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of the behavior
- ex: giving a gold star on hw to get child to keep studying

A

positive reinforcement

23
Q

removal of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of the behavior
- ex: static is no longer present in a certain area, therefore causing you to stand there more often

A

negative reinforcement

24
Q

outcome of consequence of a behavior that weakens the probability of the behavior

  • administering a stimulus that the organism wishes to avoid; ex physical shock or spanking = positive
  • taking away a stimulus that the organism wishes to experience; ex favorite toy= negative
A

punishment

25
Q

stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement

  • unconsciously aware that it occurs all the time
  • ex: snapping fingers at dog too come or waving at friend
A

discriminative stimulus

26
Q

pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses
- ex: give a rat a pellet after it presses the lever in a Skinner Box 15 times

A

fixed ratio (FR) schedule

27
Q

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once following a specified time interval
- ex: worker get paid every friday as long as they sell one item during that 1 week interval

A

fixed interval (FI) schedule

28
Q

pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a specific number of responses on average, with the number varying randomly
- ex: a pigeon on a ___ ___ of 10 might receive a piece of bread after 6 pecks, then 12 pecks, then 1 peck, then 21 pecks, with average of these being 10

A

variable ratio (VR) schedule

29
Q

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once during an average time interval, with the interval varying randomly
- ex: dog may have to perform trick during 7min interval the first time, then 1min interval the second time, then 20min interval, then 4min interval, with an average of these being 8 mins

A

variable interval (VI) schedule

30
Q

conditioning a target behavior by progressively reinforcing behaviors that come closer and closer to the target

  • coach shapes and learner takes part in actions
  • initially reinforcing most or all responses that are close to the desired behavior, and then gradually fading our reinforcement for the not-exactly-right behaviors over time
A

shaping by successive approximations

31
Q

neutral object that becomes associated with a primary reinforcer
- ex: tokens, points, etc

A

secondary reinforcer

32
Q

item or outcome that naturally increases the target behavior
- ex: favorite food, drink, etc

A

primary reinforcer

33
Q

learning thats not directly observable

  • we learn many things without showing them
  • competence - performing what we know and performance - showing what we know
A

latent learning

34
Q

O - organism interprets thee stimulus before producing a response

  • organisms response to a stimulus depends on what the stimulus means to it.
  • ex: having two friends show up late and acting mad. one friend is apologetic and the other is rude
A

S-O-R psychology

35
Q

mental representation of how a physical space is organized

- ex: mental picture layout of the college campus after first few weeks

A

cognitive map

36
Q

learning by watching others

- ex; professors, parents, friends

A

observational learning

37
Q

cell in the prefrontal cortex that becomes activated by specific motions when an animal both performs and observes that action

A

mirror neuron

38
Q

we’re evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli more than others b/c they posed a threat to our ancestors.
- more likely to fear cliffs and poisonous animals than to household items

A

preparedness

39
Q

an individuals preferred or optimal method of acquiring new information
- 4 types of different learners

A

learning style

40
Q

learners who excel at breaking down problems into different components

A

analytical learner

41
Q

learners that excel at viewing problems as a whole

A

holistic learner

42
Q

learners who prefer t talk through a problem

A

verbal learners

43
Q

learners who prefer to visualize problems in their heads

A

visual learners

44
Q

brain deficit

- brain finished myeliating at 22-24 years old

A

psychopathic

45
Q

socialization deficit

- under socialized b/c haven’t had the right kind of experiences

A

sociopathic

46
Q

switching letters up when writing them out

A

dyslexia

47
Q

Pattern of reinforcing behavior

A

Schedule of reinforcement

48
Q

Reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs, resulting in faster learning but faster extinction than only occasional reinforcement

A

Continuous reinforcement

49
Q

Only occasional reinforcement of a behavior, resulting n slower extinction than if the behavior had been reinforced continually

A

Partial reinforcement

Gen Eds (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions