2011 - 82+

Question 1

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 1

megaloblastic anemias (failure of bone marrow blood-forming - vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies, or DNA-replication poisons)

Question 2

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency

Answer 2

corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns, 
nutritional amblyopia (visual loss)
cognitive dysfunction
megaloblastic anemia

Clinical Findings:
Distal paresthesias, 
gait ataxia, 
bandlike sensation of tightness around the trunk or limbs, 
Lhermitte sign

impaired vibratory and joint position sense,
sensory gait ataxia,
spastic paraparesis with extensor plantar responses. loss of tendon reflexes in the legs
urinary retention.

Question 3

hypothyroidism

Answer 3

confusional state,
delayed relaxation of the tendon reflexes

dysarthria, deafness, or ataxia

Question 4

rivastigmin side effects

Answer 4

בחילות והקאות, שלשולים וסחרחורת.

Question 5

Charcot–Marie–Tooth

Answer 5

HEREDITARY MOTOR & SENSORY NEUROPATHY
weakness and wasting of distal muscles
sensory loss
pes cavus

CMT1 - demyelinating, PMP22
CMT2 - neuronal, no sensory envolvment

Question 6

עצבים שנפגעים בעמילואידוזיס

Answer 6

סנסורים ואוטונומיים - טמפרטורה, כאב.

Question 7

Paraproteinemia

Answer 7

בעיקר נוירופתיה סנסורית
מולטיפל מילומה, סקלרוטיק מילומה - פולינוירופתיה - פגיעה בכל סוגי העצבים הפריפרים

POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly,
endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes)

Question 8

CJD clinical findings

Answer 8

#dementia - memory loss
#hallucinations, psychosis

#speech impairment, 
#jerky movements (myoclonus), 
#ataxia - changes in gait, 
#rigid posture,
#seizures. 

symptoms are caused by the progressive death of the brain’s nerve cells,
build-up of abnormal prion proteins forming amyloids.

Question 9

CN with autonomic envolvment

Answer 9

3,7,9,10