Lecture 12 - LRT

Question 1

What four things are in the LRT?

Answer 1

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 2

What’re the three functions of the LRT

Answer 2

1. Conducts air to/from site of gas exchange
2. Completes the cleaning, warming and humidification of inhaled air
3. Gas exchange occurs at the alveolus (pl. alveoli)

Question 3

Trachea

1. What’re the three functions of this? (3)
2. ____ tube; extends from ____ to ____ ____
3. Is it ant/post to oesophagus?
4. Lined with what?
5. What shaped cartilages?
6. What’s the smooth muscle called posterior to it?

Answer 3

-

Question 4

What does smoking inhibit and destroy? This results in the “smoker’s ____” because that’s the only way to what?

Answer 4

Smoking inhibits and destroys the tracheal cilia, so that coughing is the only way to clear the rest system of mucus

Question 5

Okay, why does food generally go down the right main bronchus?

Answer 5

Because bigger - left is slightly smaller and sits higher up because the heart sits more to the left

Question 6

LRT: Bronchial tree

List the 7 bullet points about branching here

Answer 6

1. Trachea
2. Primary bronchi
3. Secondary (lobar) bronchi
4. Tertiary (segmental) bronchi (>1mm)
5. Bronchioles (

Question 7

LRT: Primary Bronchi

1. Start inside/outside lungs?
2. How many of these?

Answer 7

1. Outside

2. Left and right (slight difference in their structure because heart sits left)

Question 8

Intrapulmonary bronchi

1. Where do the 2* branches go?
2. Where do the 3* branches go?
3. Then what’s the branching?

Answer 8

1. To each lobe (3 lobes on right and only 2 on left so right has 3 secondary bronchi)
2. To lobule segment
3. Bronchioles

Question 9

In bronchi, what does cartilage starts to change into? And what does that do?

Answer 9

SM - left with only patches of cartilage (SM allows airways to expand if we need more air)

Question 10

Lung anatomy:

1. L and R are situated in what cavities?
2. What’s the apex and where is it?
3. Where does the base sit?
4. What’s the costal surface?
5. What’s the hilum?

Answer 10

-

Question 11

Right lung:

1. How many lobes?
2. How many fissures?

Answer 11

-

Question 12

Left lung:

1. How many lobes?
2. How many fissures?

Answer 12

-

Question 13

Blood-gas barrier

1. Breathing rate at rest? Per min, day and year
2. What do the lungs have for gas exchange: large what?

Answer 13

-

Question 14

Respiratory zone:

1. Alveolar sacs are like bunches of what? Containing what?
2. How many alveoli in lungs and what do they do for surface area?
3. What’re the walls of alveoli composed of?
4. The external surfaces of the alveoli are covered with what?
5. The alveolar and cap walls and their fused basal laminae form the what?
6. Gas exchange occurs by what process?

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Alveolus

1. What’s the structure?
2. What are the cells called?
3. How many types are there?
4. What’s surfactant?

Answer 15

-

Question 16

Epithelium

1. the LRT is covered with what?
2. What does the epithelium rest on? Richly supplied with what?
3. Mucus cells secret what? Serous glands secrete what? - What do these things do?
4. Resp epithelial cells also secrete what?

Answer 16

1. RM - psccp w/ gc

Question 17

LRT: Structural changes

1. Cartilage support decreases as the bronchi decrease in what?
2. What’s not found in bronchioles or alveolae?
3. What removes any airborne debris that reaches the bronchioles?

Answer 17

-