Physics and Chemistry-Transport process Flashcards

1
Q

who’s law describes diffusion

A

Fick’s law of diffusion

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2
Q

what is the formula for are of diffusion?

A

Diffusion = (P1-P2) x (Area) x (solubility)
_________________________________
(membrane thickness) x ( Square root of MW)

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3
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion:

what 3 things are Directly proportional to diffusion rate (hint they are whats on top in the equation)

A

Partial pressure gradient
membrane area
solubility of gas in membrane

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4
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion:

What 2 things are INDIRECTLY proportional to diffusion rate (hint they are whats on the bottom in the equation)

A

membrane thickness

Square root of MW

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5
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion of gasses explains what 4 things

A

concentration effect
2nd gas effect
diffusion hypoxia
why turing on N20 leads to an increase in volume in gas spaces in the patients body

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6
Q

CO2 diffuses ___ times faster than O2

A

20 x’s

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7
Q

even though CO2 is a larger molecule than O2 CO2 diffuses 20 times faster across the alveolar and capillary membrane than O2. Why is this?

A

Bc CO2 is 20x’s more soluble than O2

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8
Q

Equilibrium of inhalation agents occurs in the body when?

A

when the Partial pressures of the gas are the same everywhere

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9
Q

what is the process by which the fetus receives O2 and drugs?

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

Diffusion of a gas from alveoli to blood (or blood to alveoli) requires what?

A

a difference in partial pressures

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11
Q

NON-Gases:

what are the main factors determining diffusion rate across membranes for non-gases?

A

concentration gradient (non-ionized)
Electrochemical gradient (ionized)
Lipid solubility
size

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12
Q

NON-Gases:

agents that poorly penetrate the BBB or placental barrier are what?

A
Lipid INsoluble (ionized)
Large (high molecular weights)
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13
Q

NON-Gases:

why do ions like Na+ not penetrate the lipid bilayer?

A

Ioinized (charged) particles are HydroPHILIC and LipoPHOBIC, the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, thus ionized particles do not cross (dissolve in) the lipid portion of the cell membrane

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14
Q

Osmosis:

requires what 2 things?

A

a membrane impermeable to one or more solutes

a difference in the concentration of solutes

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15
Q

what/who’s law describes how the intensity of light is altered as it is transmitted through a liquid? The intensity of light falls exponentially as the light passes through the liquid.

A

Beer’s law or Beer-Lambert Law

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16
Q

How is the Beer’s law or Beer-Lambert Law applied in anesthesia

A

the pulse oximeter

17
Q

heat loss:
core temp refers to the intrathoracic and intracranial contents (where the vital organs are located). where are 2 areas we can measure core temp?

A

lower esophagus

Ear

18
Q

heat loss:

state the 4 routes of heat loss and describe how is it done

A

Radiation (60%)- just radiating off body
Convection (15-30%)- air flow
Evaporation (20%) open belly/ respiratory
Conduction (

19
Q

heat loss:(know this)

most heat is lost from the body how?

A

radiation