music 300-350 Flashcards

1
Q

What is syncopation?

A

Syncopation occurs when beats are stressed at unexpected or unusual times.

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2
Q

What does a 5/8 time signature indicate?

A

A 5/8 time signature means that there are five (5) beats per measure and that the eighth (8) note receives one beat.

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3
Q

How does a note change if a dot is added next to it?

A

A dot next to a note indicates that the duration of the note equals the length of the original note plus half its length. For example, a dotted eighth note has the length of an eighth note plus a sixteenth note.

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4
Q

In what unit is tempo usually measured?

A

Tempo is usually measured in beats per minute.

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5
Q

What is the difference between the terms adagio and allegro?

A

both adagio and allegro are terms that indicate; however, adagio means “slow” while allegro means “fast.”

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6
Q

What does the tempo marking “maestoso” mean?

A

“majestically”

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7
Q

What is melody?

A

Melody refers to a series of pitches that form a cohesive tune.

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8
Q

How are notes on the staff named?

A

Notes on the staff are named using the letters A through g.

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9
Q

What is another name for the treble clef?

A

G clef

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10
Q

What is another name for the bass clef?

A

F Clef

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11
Q

The second line from the bottom of a treble-clef staff is a

A

G

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12
Q

What is the grand staff?

A

The grand staff includes both the treble and bass clef staffs so that a wide range of pitches can be seen at once.

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13
Q

What is a scale?

A

A scale is a sequence

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14
Q

what textural and melodic similarities exist between a fugue and a motet

A

both feature extensive polyphony and melodic repetition

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15
Q

how many sections does a piece of binary from contain

A

two

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16
Q

what is the typical chord progression within sections in binary form

A

the first section moves from the tonic to the dominant; the second section moves from the dominant back to the tonic

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17
Q

how is rounded binary form different from simple binary form

A

in rounded binary form, the first section returns to the tonic in a slightly modified way after the second section, thus creating the a section, in simple binary the b section contains the return to the tonic

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18
Q

what is the differenve between ternary form and rounded binary form

A

ternary form has three sections. the third section is identical to the first whereas rounded binary form includes a return if the A section in a modified form

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19
Q

what is the structure of a rondo

A

a rondo contains one section that alternates with at least two other sections, creating the structure abacada

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20
Q

what is the name of the binary form most common in american popular music

A

verse/chorus or verse/ refrain

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21
Q

what is a bridge

A

a bridge is a unique section added to a binary form song, typically before the last refrain

22
Q

how does the inclusion of a bridge add to the musical complexity of binary form

A

the bridge is typically written in the dominant, which increases the musical tension of the work before returning to the tonic in the final chorus

23
Q

what is the term for the form of a song that contains several unique sections without repetition

A

through composed

24
Q

mozarts” ah, vous dirais-je maman” takes the well known tune of “Twinkle twinkle little star” and repeats it again and again in many different forms, so its form is that of

A

theme and variations

25
Q

what are the three sections of a work written in sonata form

A

exposition, development, and recapitulation

26
Q

what is the purpose of the exposition in sonata form

A

the exposition serves to introduce the main theme or themes of the piece in the tonic key

27
Q

in what key does the development of a piece in sonata form typically end

A

the dominant

28
Q

what is the purpose of the recapitulation in sonata form

A

the recapitulation restates the main theme of the piece, often with variation

29
Q

what is a coda

A

a coda is a final section in a piece that gives it a formal sense of closure by emphasizing dominant harmonies and their resolution to the tonic one last time

30
Q

what chords or keys are typically accentuated in the coda

A

the coda typically focuses on the subdominant or dominant harmonies and then resolves to the tonic key

31
Q

during what two musical eras was the sonata form most popular

A

classical and romantic

32
Q

a piece that begins with an opening themes, modulates through a number of different keys and ends with a restatement of the opening theme is in what form

A

sonata form

33
Q

along with binary form, what other form has had a significant influence upon most american popular music

A

12 bar blues

34
Q

what is the alphabetic structure of 12 bar blues

A

aab:the first four bars (A) are repeated (A) and then resolved by a contrasting four-bar section (B)

35
Q

in typical 12 bar blues, how many measures long is each phrase

A

each of the three phrases in the 12 bar blues progression is four measures or bars long

36
Q

what is the typical chord progression of the third phrase of 12 bar blues

A

1,4,5,1

37
Q

what combination of instruments is usually responsible for creating the timbre we associate with country music

A

fiddle, acoustic guitar, steel guitar, and banjo

38
Q

What is a diatonic scale?

A

A diatonic

39
Q

What is the sequence of whole and half steps of a major scale?

A

Major scales all follow the following sequence: whole, whole, half, whole whole, whole, half. Thus the half steps fall between the third and fourth notes of the scale and between the seventh and eighth.

40
Q

What is the name of the first note in a scale?

A

The first note in a scale is called the tonic.

41
Q

The dominant represents what scale degree?

A

The dominant is the fifth note in a major or minor scale.

42
Q

What is the significance of the seventh note in a scale?

A

The seventh note is known as the leading tone because it creates a musical tension that seems to “lead” the ear to the tonic note.

43
Q

In a D major scale, what are the letter names of the dominant and leading tones?

A

In a D major scale, A is the dominant and C# is the leading tone.

44
Q

what word is used two notes that are notated differently according to the key in which they occur but that are, in fact, the same note

A

enharmonic

45
Q

how and why is the circle of fifths constructed

A

the circles of fifths is constructed by starting with C and ascending by fifths until C is again reached. they key C has no sharps or flats in it. Each subsequent key in the circle of fifths has one more sharp than the previous key

46
Q

how does the ascending melodic minor scale differ from the descending melodic minor scale

A

in the ascending scale the sixth and seventh notes are raised a half step in comparison to the natural minor scale. in the descending scale, the sicth and seventh notes re not raised, making it identical to the natual minor scale

47
Q

in order form highest to lowest pitch, what are the three ranges of the female voice

A

soprano, mezzo soprano, and alto

48
Q

in order form lowest to highest pitch, what are the three ranges of the male voice

A

bass, baritone, and tenor

49
Q

what is the another name for the alto voice range

A

contralto

50
Q

although the alto and tenor voice ranges overlap greatly in pitch, how do they differ

A

though overlapping in pitch range alto and tenor parts are distinct from each other because the physiology of the female and male voices give each one a unique timbre