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Gastrointestinal System > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mineral oil

A

Laxative

Emollient (Nonabsorbable, lubricate the bowel)

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2
Q

Erythromycin

A

Prokinetic (antibiotic)

Motilin agonist

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3
Q

Al(OH)3

A

Antacid

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4
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

Antiemetic

H1 antagonist

Use:

Motion sickness

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5
Q

Cisapride

A

Prokinetic

Serotonin 5-HT4 agonists

(PULLED)

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6
Q

Psyllium

A

Laxative

Bulk-forming + lot of water = constipation relief

Nonabsorbable. Forms large hydrophilic mass, which reduces transit time (with lots of water, osmotic pull draws water inside lumen)

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7
Q

Diphenoxylate is metabolized (hepatic) to ___ (active metabolite 200-400X more potent than diphenoxylate alone)

A

Difenoxin

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8
Q

Certolizumab

A

IBD drug

Biologic

Anti-TNF-alpha

Polyethylene glycolated Fab fragments of human anti-TNF

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9
Q

Tegaserod

A

Prokinetic

Serotonin 5-HT4 agonists

(CURRENTLY ONLY FOR EMERGENCY USE)

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10
Q

Rabeprazole

A

PPI

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11
Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI

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12
Q

Colloidal busmuth compounds

A

Protectant

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13
Q

Kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) + pectin

A

Antidiarrheal

Bulk/gel-forming agent (with little water)

Increases flow resistance and increases formed stools (reabsorbs water)

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14
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Antiemetic

Dopamine D2 antagonist

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15
Q

Propantheline

A

Muscarinic (M3) antagonist → block M3 receptors on parietal cells = decreasing proton pump activity

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16
Q

Bethanecol

A

Prokinetic

Muscarinic M3 agonist

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17
Q

Pirenzepine

A

Muscarinic (M1) antagonist → blocks release of histamine from paracrine ECL cells

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18
Q

Trihexethyl

A

Muscarinic (M3) antagonist → block M3 receptors on parietal cells = decreasing proton pump activity

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19
Q

Sucralfate

A

Protectant

  1. Complexes with protein at ulcer to form protective layer
  2. Stimulates PG secretion
  3. Decreases back-diffusion of H+
  4. Binds to, and inactivates, pepsin and bile salts
  5. Suppresses H. pylori infection - this decreases further acid secretion
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20
Q

Scopolamine

A

Antiemetic

Atropine-like muscarinic antagonist

Use:

Motion sickness

Available as patch

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21
Q

Neostigmine

A

Prokinetic

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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22
Q

Prednisolone

A

IBD drug

Steroid (glucocorticoid)

Oral

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23
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic (M3) antagonist → block M3 receptors on parietal cells = decreasing proton pump activity

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24
Q

Carbenoxolone

A

Protectant

Increae secretion/viscocity of mucus (PG-type mechanism without PG side effects)

N/A in USA

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25
Q

Granisetron

A

Antiemetic

5-HT3 antagonist

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26
Q

Azathioprine

A

IBD drug

Immune modifier

Purine analog

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27
Q

Asacol

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylates (5-ASA)

Mesalamine-only formulation

Coated 5-ASA - dissolves at pH 7 (in ileum and colon)

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28
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 antagonist

(decreases cAMP)

29
Q

Pentasa

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

Mesalamine-only formulation

Time-release micro-granules that release 5-ASA throughout the small intestine

30
Q

Infliximab

A

IBD drug

Biologic

Anti-TNA-alpha

31
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

IBD drug

Steroid (glucocorticoid)

Enema, foam, or suppository*

32
Q

Meclizine

A

Antiemetic

H1 antagonist

Use:

Motion sickness

33
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 antagonist

(decreases cAMP)

34
Q

6-mercaptopurine

A

IBD drug

Immune modifier

Purine analog

35
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Antidiarrheal → reduces contractile activity

Muscarinic (M3) antagonist → block M3 receptors on parietal cells = decreasing proton pump activity

36
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Antidiarrheal (anti-lipid med)

Ion-exchange resin

Binds water and bile salts → slows movement

37
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 antagonist

(decreases cAMP)

38
Q

Misoprostol

A

Protectant

Inhibit adenylate cylase (parietal cells) → decreases cAMP

Decreases acid secretion and increases bicarbonate/mucus secretion

39
Q

Rhubarb

A

Natural laxative

40
Q

Prednisone

A

IBD drug

Steroid (glucocorticoid)

Oral

41
Q

Loperamide

A

Antidiarrheal

Opiate

Increase flow resistance, decrease propulsion and secretion

42
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

43
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

Sulfapyridine + 5-ASA

44
Q

Rowasa

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

Enema formulation of 5-ASA (mesalamine)

45
Q

Aloe

A

Natural laxative

46
Q

Adalimumab

A

IBD drug

Biologic

Anti-TNF-alpha

Complete human IgG1 antibody

47
Q

Frangula

A

Natural laxative

48
Q

___ was added to diphenoxylate to reduce abuse potential (slight diffusion across BBB)

A

Atropine

49
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI

50
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Muscarinic (M3) antagonist → block M3 receptors on parietal cells = decreasing proton pump activity

51
Q

Mg(OH)3

A

Antacid

52
Q

Ondansetron

A

Antiemetic

5-HT3 antagonist

53
Q

Balsalazide

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine + 5-ASA

54
Q

Dronabinol

A

Antiemetic

Oral formulation of THC

Uses:

Chemo-induced emesis (when other drugs fail)

Appetite stimulant in AIDS patients

55
Q

NaHCO3

A

Antacid

56
Q

Milk of magnesia

A

Laxative

Saline (inorganic salts → water movement into intestine based on osmotic gradient)

57
Q

Olsalazine

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

5-ASA + 5-ASA (diaminosalicylate)

58
Q

Castor oil

A

Laxative

Secretory/stimulant (opens Cl- channels → water and electrolyte movement into intestine)

59
Q

Canasa

A

IBD drug

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)

Suppository formulation of 5-ASA (mesalamine)

60
Q

Rifaximin

A

Treatment for IBD-D

61
Q

Cimetadine

A

H2 antagonist

(decreases cAMP)

62
Q

CaCO3

A

Antacid

63
Q

Senna

A

Natural laxative

64
Q

High doses of diphenoxylate may cause ___, which is reversed by ___.

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Naloxone
65
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Antidiarrheal

Anti-secretory agent

Decreases net fluid secretion

66
Q

Methotrexate

A

IBD drug

Immune modifier

DHF reductase inhibitor

67
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Antidiarrheal

Opiate (atropine added to decrease opiate effects)

Increase flow resistance, decrease propulasion and secretion

68
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Prokinetic & Antiemetic

Dopamine D2 antagonist

Remember: D2 receptors are inhibitory of cholinergic effects. By this method, we are inhibiting an inhibitor, thus increasing cholinergic effects (the goal of prokinetics)

Gastrointestinal System (13 decks)

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