Chapter 1 Test- Evolution and the Foundation of Biology

Question 1

What are all living things made of?

Answer 1

One or more cells

Question 2

How are living things organized

Answer 2

• highly organized
• single celled=special structures
• Multi-Cellular=grouped by function

Question 3

Tell about evolution

Answer 3

• Inheriting changes that help the species survive
• populations evolve over many generations
  ex: giraffe necks grew so giraffe could eat food off of branches

Question 4

Tell about stimuli

Answer 4

all living things respond to stimuli (internal and external)

ex: cells dehydrate=thirst

Question 5

What is regulation/homeostasis

Answer 5

• maintain stable internal conditions

ex: sweating, water intake

Question 6

Tell about energy use

Answer 6

• all living things use energy to fuel life processes

- some eat food, others use their own.

Question 7

what is growth?

Answer 7

cell enlargement and/or division

Question 8

what is development

Answer 8

different abilities

ex: tadpole to frog

Question 9

what example of evolution can you give using mice?

Answer 9

mainland mice’s fur turned darker

beach mice’s fur turned lighter

Question 10

what are the levels of biological organization (large to small)

Answer 10

• Biosphere
• ecosystem
• Community
• population
• organism
• organ
• tissue
• cells
• organelles
• molecules

Question 11

Biosphere

Answer 11

all environments on earth

Question 12

Ecosystem

Answer 12

All living and nonliving things in an area

Question 13

Community

Answer 13

All organisms in an ecosystem

Question 14

Populations

Answer 14

All individuals of a species in an area

Question 15

Organism

Answer 15

An individual living thing

Question 16

Organs

Answer 16

Specialized body parts made of tissue

Question 17

Tissue

Answer 17

A group of similar cells

Question 18

Cells

Answer 18

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 19

Organelles

Answer 19

A structural component of a cell

Question 20

Molecules

Answer 20

A chemical structure consisting of atoms

Question 21

What are emergent properties?

Answer 21

New properties with each step up in hierarchy

Question 22

What are the two main forms of cells?

Answer 22

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 23

Eukaryotic

Answer 23

Organelles, nucleus, larger

Question 24

Prokaryotic

Answer 24

Lack of organelles, no nucleus, smaller

Question 25

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 25

• double helix

- nucleotides

Question 26

Describe gene expression

Answer 26

DNA–>transcription into—–> mRNA—->translation into —–>protein folding—->final protein

Question 27

What are the 2 major processes of ecosystems?

Answer 27

• cycling nutrients

- flow of energy from sun to producers to consumers

Question 28

Producers to consumers cycle?

Answer 28

Sunlight—> producers—-> consumers—-de composers.

Every “—->” heat is let off

Question 29

Taxonomy

Answer 29

Names and classifies species

Question 30

Classification order…?

Answer 30

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• genus
• species

Question 31

3 domains of life

Answer 31

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 32

What are the 3 eukaryotic kingdoms

Answer 32

Plantae (plants, make own sugars thru photosynthesis, autotrophs)

Fungi (decomposes by absorption, heterotrophs)

Animalia (obtain food by ingestion, heterotrophs)

Question 33

What is the 4th eukaryotic kingdom?

Answer 33

Protista (unicellular, multicellular, heterotrophic and autotrophic)

Question 34

What were Charles darwin’s 3 observations

Answer 34

1. Variation exists in every population
2. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive this causing competition
3. Species are adapted to their circumstances

Question 35

What are so good inferences we learn from evolution?

Answer 35

1. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring
2. Over many generations a higher and higher proportion of individuals will have advantageous traits

Question 36

Qualitative data

Answer 36

Data about qualities, cannot be measured, but destined

Question 37

Quantitative data

Answer 37

Data that is measured

Question 38

What are constants?

Answer 38

Things that are kept the same

Question 39

What is a control?

Answer 39

Standard for comparison

Question 40

Be sure to know how to make a dichotomous key

Answer 40

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