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AVS 109 > Breeds & Life Cycles (2) > Flashcards

Breeds & Life Cycles (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of breed?

A

Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring.

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2
Q

What is the definition of pedigree?

A

Record of an individual’s ancestry.

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3
Q

What is the largest breed of cattle? (Most common).

A

Angus

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4
Q

Does black dominate coat color in cattle?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

What does polled mean?

A

Hornless, but it must be natural. Doesn’t mean polled if horns are man-removed.

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6
Q

What are some traits for the Angus cattle?

A 
Scotland
Black, polled
Maternal traits (lactation) 
Carcass traits (intramuscular fat) 
Most successful branded beef program
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7
Q

What does intra mean?

A

Within

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8
Q

What does inter mean?

A

Between

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9
Q

What are some characteristics of Hereford cattle?

A 
England 
Red & White 
Horned & polled 
Hardy- forage well
Good disposition 
Developing branded beef program
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10
Q

What are some traits of Charolais cattle?

A 
France 
White- predominately
Horned & polled
Large size
Stay cooler under the sun 
Forage well
Carcass trait 
Heavy muscled 
Terminal sire
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11
Q

What are some traits of Simmental cattle?

A 
Switzerland, Germany, France 
Gold, white and horned 
Black, red, and polled 
Meat and milk producer 
Good growth and disposition
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12
Q

What are reasons to have a Bos indicus influenced cattle breed?

A

Performs better

Not as much intramuscular fat.

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13
Q

What are some characteristics of Holstein cattle?

A

Holland
1400 pounds
Black and white
Milk- 3.66% fat

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14
Q

What are some traits of brown Swiss cattle?

A

Switzerland
1500 pounds
Blackish, brown, silver
Milk- 4.04% fat

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15
Q

What are some traits for Ayrshire cattle?

A

Scotland
1200 pounds
Mahogany and white
Milk- 3.85% fat

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16
Q

What are some characteristics of jersey cattle?

A

Jersey isle
1000 pounds
Fawn, blackish-brown
Milk- 4.7% fat

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17
Q

What is negative energy balance?

A

Cow didn’t eat enough to offset milk production.

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18
Q

What is peak lactation?

A

Providing the most energy and protein to the calf.

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19
Q

Why don’t you commonly keep a dairy bull?

A

They are mean.

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20
Q

What is estrus?

A

Heat

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21
Q

When are dairy calves weaned?

A

Immediately

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22
Q

How is colostrum provided to dairy calves?

A

Milk pail

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23
Q

What are dairy calves fed?

A

Milk replacer for 6-8 weeks.

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24
Q

Are dairy calves introduced to dry feed earlier than others?

A

Yes. It stimulates rumen function and reduces cost.

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25
Q

Why are dairy calves raised separately?

A

To reduce disease and competition for feed. It also improves performance.

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26
Q

What is the age of puberty for sheep?

A

5-6 months

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27
Q

What is the age at first lambing?

A

1 year

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28
Q

What are the meat breeds of sheep?

A

Suffolk
Hampshire
Dorset

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29
Q

What are traits for meat breeds of sheep?

A

Growth rates

Carcass quality

30
Q

What are examples of ewe breeds?

A

Rambouillet, cross breeds

31
Q

What are traits for ewe breeds?

A

Maternal traits- prolificacy, milk production, mothering ability, wool.

32
Q

What are examples of long wool breeds of sheep?

A

Romney, Lincoln

33
Q

What are examples of fine wool sheep breeds?

A

Merino, Rambouillet

34
Q

What is an example of hair sheep?

A

Barbados blackbelly

35
Q

What is the birth weight in swine?

A

3 to 4 pounds

36
Q

At what age do you wean pigs?

A

18 to 38 days

37
Q

What is farrowing?

A

Giving birth to piglets.

38
Q

How many piglets are in one litter?

A

7 to 14

39
Q

What is a sow called that has had three litters?

A

Third parity sow

40
Q

What are traits of a Yorkshire pig?

A

White with erect ears
Most registrations
Maternal breed- good mothers.

41
Q

What are traits of landrace pigs?

A

White, ears down
Maternal breed
High average post weaning survival

42
Q

What are traits of Duroc pigs?

A

Red, down ears
Known for fast growth and good feed efficiency
2nd largest registration
Terminal breed

43
Q

What are traits of Hampshire pigs?

A

Black with white belt, erect ears
Known for lean carcasses
3rd most popular breed
Terminal breed

44
Q

What is the birth weight of foals?

A

104 lbs

45
Q

What is the weaning age of foals?

A

4-6 months

46
Q

At what age has a horse hit puberty?

A

12-15 months

47
Q

At what age is a mare bred?

A

2 years of age

48
Q

What is the life expectancy of a horse?

A

25-30 years

49
Q

What is the most numerous breed of horses in the U.S.?

A

Quarter horses

50
Q

What is the oldest breed of horse?

A

Arabian

51
Q

What is the most numerous draft horse breed?

A

Belgian

52
Q

How many kittens are born in each litter?

A

3 to 5 per 3-4 oz kitten

53
Q

What is the weaning age of kittens?

A

6-7 weeks

54
Q

What is the puberty age of cats?

A

5-10 months for females

5-7 months for males

55
Q

What is the mature weight of cats?

A

9-11 lbs- depending on breed and gender.

56
Q

What is the puberty age for dogs?

A

6-24 months

57
Q

How many puppies are in a litter?

A

1-4 for small breeds

As many as 12 for large

58
Q

Does weight vary upon breed for dogs?

A

Yes.

59
Q

What is the life expectancy for dogs?

A

6-15 years

Smaller breeds live longer

60
Q

What is the life span of a rabbit?

A

5-15 years

61
Q

What is the birth weight of rabbits?

A

1.75-2.3 oz

62
Q

What is the mature weight for rabbits?

A

Small: 2-4 lbs
Medium: 9-12 lbs
Large: 14-16 lbs

63
Q

What is the breeding age for rabbits?

A

4-8 months

64
Q

Do bucks mature 1 month later than does?

A

Yes.

65
Q

What is cuniculture?

A

Practice of breeding and raising domestic rabbits for meat, fur, or wool.

66
Q

What is rabbitry?

A

A place where domestic rabbits are kept and bred.

67
Q

Are does induced ovulators?

A

Yes.

68
Q

What is kindling?

A

Term used for giving birth.

69
Q

What is the average litter size in rabbits?

A

8-10 babies

25-30 per year

70
Q

What is the weaning age and weight of rabbits?

A

4-8 weeks at 1.25-4 lbs

AVS 109 (10 decks)

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